Key Concepts

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Internal Factors
These are factors within school & the education system. Such as interactions between pupils & teachers and inequalities between schools.
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External Factors
These are factors outside the education system. Such as the influence of home & family background and wider society.
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Cultural Deprivation
The notion that the failure of certain groups of children within the education system is a result of their culturally deprived home background.
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Labelling
Attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group.
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Self-fulfilling Prophecy
When a prediction made about a person or group comes true because it has been made.
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Streaming / Banding
Children seperated into different ability groups or classes called 'streams'.
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Pupil Subcultures
A group of people within society who share norms, values or beliefs that are different to another culture.
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Differentiation
Teachers categories pupils according to how they percieve their ability, attitude and behaviour.
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Ethos
Social & cultural characteristics and norms of a group, organisation or society.
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Hidden Curriculum
Things taught and learned in education which do not form part of the overt programme of subjects & courses.
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Correspondence Theory
(Bowles & Gintis) What happens in schools mirrors what happens in the work place, education can be seen as a direct preparation for the childs future role in an unequal division of labour.
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Differential Educational Achievement
The idea that although some children will naturally do better than others in the education system, it's also the case that different groups will do better.
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Meritocracy
An educational or social system where everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed and where individuals rewards an status are achieved by their own efforts rather than ascribed by their gender, class or ethnic group.
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Social Control
The means by which society tries to ensure that its members behave as others expect them to.
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Socialisation
The process by which an individual learns or internalises the culture of society.
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Biological Analogy
Mainly used by FUNCTIONALISTS to compare society to a living organism.
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Consensus
Assumes that norms & values in society are generally agreed and that social life is based on co-operation rather than conflict.
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Functional Prerequisite
These are the basic needs that society must have fulfilled if it is to continue to exist.
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Ideological State Apparatus
Used to describe those agencies of the state who prime function is to secure the compliance of subordinates with the established capitalist order.
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Social Solidarity
Solidarity is unity that produces or is based on community of interests, objectives, and standards. It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one.
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Divison of Labour
The assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process or task to different people in order to improve efficiency.
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Particularistic Values
Rules that apply only to that particular child. e.g. the family.
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Universalistic Values
Rules that apply to everyone in society. e.g the same laws apply to everyone.
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Restricted Code
Speech code typically used by the working class. e.g.) Limited vocab, speech is predictable, based on the use of short, unfinished, grammatically simple sentences.
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Elaborated Code
Speech code typically used by the middle class. e.g.) speech is varied, wider range of vocab, longer, more grammatically complex sentences.
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Fatalism
A belief in fate - 'whatever will be will be', nothing you can do to change your status.
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Collectivism
Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual.
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Immediate Gratification
Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get results in the future.
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Present-time Orientation
Seeing the present as more important than the future and not having long term goals or plans.
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Cultural Capital
Refers to knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of middle class.
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Priviledged-skilled Choosers
Professional middle class parents who used their economic and cultural capital to gain educational capital for their children.
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Disconnected-local Choosers
Working class parents whose choices were restricted by their lack of economic and cultural capital.
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Semi-skilled Choosers
Parents who were mainly working class, but they were ambitious for their children.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

These are factors outside the education system. Such as the influence of home & family background and wider society.

Back

External Factors

Card 3

Front

The notion that the failure of certain groups of children within the education system is a result of their culturally deprived home background.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Attaching a definition or meaning to an individual or group.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

When a prediction made about a person or group comes true because it has been made.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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