Key Words

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  • Created by: jddisu
  • Created on: 21-12-17 14:18
Natural Hazard
a perceived event that threatens both life and property. Natural Hazards often result in disaster that cause some loss of life and/or damage to the built environment that creates severe disruption to human activities
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Adaptation
attempts by people or communities to live with hazard events. Bu adjusting their living conditions, people are able to reduce their levels of vulnerability
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Fatalism
a view of a hazard event that suggests that people cannot influence or shape the outcome, therefore nothing can be done to mitigate against it. People with such an attitude put in place limited preventative measures
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Perception
this is the way in which an individual or a group views the threat of a hazard event. This will ultimately determine the course of action taken by individuals or the response they expect from governments and other organisations
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Fear
the perception of the hazard is such that people feel so vulnerable to an event that they are no longer able to face living in the area and move away to other regions perceived to be unaffected by the hazard
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Prediction
the ability to give warnings so that action can be taken to reduce the impact of hazard events
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Protection
protecting people, their possessions and the built environment from the impact of the event. This usually involves modifications to the built environment such as improved sea walls and earthquake-proof buildings
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Mitigation
reduce or eliminating risks to people and property from natural hazards. Money spent prior to a hazardous event are used to reduce the impacts of it resulting in substantial savings in life and property following an event (e.g. reinforced materials)
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Integrated risk management
the process of considering the social, economic and political factors involved in risk analysis; determining the acceptability of damage/disruption; deciding on the actions to be taken to minimise damage/disruption
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Community preparedness/risk sharing
this involves prearranged measures that aim to reduce the loss of life and property
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Distribution
the spatial coverage of the hazard. This can refer to the area affected by the single event, some of which can have a very localised event, while others have a much wider effect, such as tsunamis which can cross large oceans
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Frequency
the distribution of the hazard through time
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Magnitude
the size of the impact
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Relief
the stage of the Park model where medical attention, rescue services and overall care are delivered. This can last from a few hours to several days if the event has been very damaging
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Rehabilitation
where people try to return the state of things to normal by providing food, water and shelter for those most affected. This period can last anything from a few days to weeks
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Reconstruction
where the infrastructure and property are reconstructed and crops are grown. At this time people use the experience of the event to try to learn how to better respond to the next one. This period can take from weeks to several years
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The Hazard Management Cycle
an illustration of the ongoing process by which governments, businesses and society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react during and immediately following an event, and takes steps to recover after an event has occurred
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Lithosphere
the crust and the uppermost solid mantle
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Asthenosphere
largest section of the mantle and core
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Convection Currents
circular movements of liquid magma within the mantle. They determine the direction of crustal movement
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Ridge push/gravitational sliding
at constructive boundaries the upwellings of hot material at ocean ridges generates a buoyancy effect that produced the ocean ridge standing 2-3 km above the ocean floor. The force acting away from the ridge is known as ridge push
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Slab pull
at destructive plate boundaries, the downward gravitational force acts on the cold and dense descending plate as it sinks into the mantle. This gravity - generated force pulls the whole oceanic plate down as a result of the negative buoyancy
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Sea floor-spreading
along ocean ridges where plates are moving apart and magma is forcing its way to surface, cool and form new crust. As the plates move further apart, new crust is carried away from the ridge (seafloor spreading)
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Constructive plate margin
where plates are moving away from each other (divergent), forming new crust
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Destructive plate margin
where plates are moving towards each other (convergent), destroying older crust
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Conservative plate margins
where two crustal plates slide past each other parallel to the plate margin. There is no creation or destruction of crust, neither is there subduction and therefore no volcanic activity
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Earthquakes
as the crust of the earth is constantly moving, there tends to be a slow buildup of stress within the rocks. When this pressure is released, parts of the surface experience, for a short period, an intense shaking motion - an earthquake
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Focus
the point at which the slippage of plates occur releasing shock or seismic waves through the Earth's crust
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Epicentre
the point on the ground surface above the earthquake focus
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Body Waves
the first waves in an earthquake that shake UP and down in a longitudinal movement. These waves are called P or Primary waves and they travel fastest causing a back and forth movement
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Transverse waves
travel slower through the crust. These waves cause the crust to move from side to side at right angles to the outward motion of the main wave causing the most damage
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Surface Waves
L waves/Love waves and Rayleigh waves travel along the surface only
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Volcanoes
a geological landform created by the intrusion of magma into the Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and by the extrusive eruption of magma onto the Earth's surface through a vent
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Ocean ridges
long continuous uplifted features on the surface of the planet, formed when plates move apart in oceanic areas
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Rift Valleys
form when plates move apart on continental areas. Areas of crust drop down between parallel faults to form the valley. An area between two parallel rift valleys form an upstanding block, a horst. For example, the line of the African rift
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Deep sea trenches
form where oceanic and continental plates meet the denser oceanic plate is forced underneath the lighter continental one (subduction). The downwarping of the oceanic plate forms a deep part of the ocean known as a trench
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Island arcs
a line of volcanic islands
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

attempts by people or communities to live with hazard events. Bu adjusting their living conditions, people are able to reduce their levels of vulnerability

Back

Adaptation

Card 3

Front

a view of a hazard event that suggests that people cannot influence or shape the outcome, therefore nothing can be done to mitigate against it. People with such an attitude put in place limited preventative measures

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

this is the way in which an individual or a group views the threat of a hazard event. This will ultimately determine the course of action taken by individuals or the response they expect from governments and other organisations

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the perception of the hazard is such that people feel so vulnerable to an event that they are no longer able to face living in the area and move away to other regions perceived to be unaffected by the hazard

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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