A document in which a political party sets out its policy programme at an election
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Turnout
The proportion of the electorate that votes in an election
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Representative
An individual who acts on behalf of a larger group but is free to exercise their own judgment; and exhibiting a likeness or being typical
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Representation
Th process by which an individual or individuals act on behalf of a larger group
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Delegate
An individual authorised to act on behalf of others but who is bound by clear instructions
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Trustee
An individual who has formal responsibility for the interests of another (in law, this will often be property)
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Constituency
A geographical territory for which representatives are chosen in an election
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Majoritarian System
An electoral system in which the winning candidate must achieve an absolute majoirty of votes cast in a single-member constituency
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Simple Plurality System
An electoral system in which the candidate with the most votes in a single-member constituency wins
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Proportional Representation
An electoral system using multi-member constituencies in which an electoral formula is used to match the percentage of seats won by each party to the percentage of votes they won
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District Magnitude
The number of representatives elected from a particular constituency
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Mixed System
An electoral system where a propertion of representatives are elected under a majoritarian/plurality system in single-member constituencies, and the others are elected as 'additional members' using a proportional system in multi-member constituencies
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Wasted Vote
A vote for a losing candidate in a single-member constituency, or a vote for a winning candidate that was surplus to the plurality required for victory
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Safe Seat
A constituency that normally elects an MP from the same political party at every election
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Tactical Voting
Voting for the candidate most likely to defeat the voter's least favourite candidate
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Adversarial Politics
A sis#tuation often found in two-party systems in which the governing party is confronted by an opposition party that offers a different policy programme, and which is outwardly hostile towards the government even when in broad agreement with it
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Coalition Government
A government made up of more than one political party
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Split-Ticket Voting
The practice of voting for candidates from different parties in an election where an elector is permitted to cast more than one vote
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Minority Government
A government formed by a political party that does now have an overall majority in the legislature
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Electoral Reform
Changes made to an electoral system or a change from one electoral system to an alternative
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Socialisation
The process by which individuals acquire their values and beliefs
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Class Dealignment
The decline in the relationship between social class and voting
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Partisan Dealignment
The decline in strong voter identification with political parties
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Core Vote
Voters who feel a strong attachment to a political party and vote for it in election after election
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Floating Voters
Voters without a strong attachment to a particular party, who may switch their vote from election to election
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Rational Choice Model
An approach to the study of politics that focuses on the actions of rational individuals who pursue their own interests
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The proportion of the electorate that votes in an election
Back
Turnout
Card 3
Front
An individual who acts on behalf of a larger group but is free to exercise their own judgment; and exhibiting a likeness or being typical
Back
Card 4
Front
Th process by which an individual or individuals act on behalf of a larger group
Back
Card 5
Front
An individual authorised to act on behalf of others but who is bound by clear instructions
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