For AII, describe the population's personal rights?
Civil Marriage- No, Divorce-No, Abortion-No
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What Statute did AII introduce with Judical reforms and when?
The Judiciary Statutue of 1864,
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What did this statute do?
It reorganised the Russian Court system based on Liberal principles such as equality,
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What did AII change for judges and why?
They were paid extremly high, -To avoid bribery,
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What was introduced for political trials and when?
Special Courts, -1872,
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How does Alexander II show continuity?
Tsars- Lack of personal rights -Similar to Khrushchev with court for political opponents,
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How does AII show change?
Different to AIII who reduced political rights,
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For AIII, describe the population's personal rights?
Civil marriage-No, Divorce-No, Abortion-No
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What were given for judges?
Clear advice on sentences and verdicts,
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What happened to the police and by who?
The police were centralised, -By the Minister of Interior,
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What kind of trials were increasingly used?
Secret/closed trials,
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How does AIII show continuity?
Similar to Tsars as all had lack of personal rights, -Lenin and Stalin for their restrictive political rights,
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How does AIII show change?
-Different to the other Tsars in his political rights,
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For NII, describe personal rights?
Civil Marriage-No, Divorce-No, Abortion-No
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For political rights, what was made legal after 1905? Give statistics to show its effects?
-Strikes, -Strikers fell from 3 million in 1905 to 47,000 in 1910,
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For voting rights, what could the population vote for?
A nationally elected body- The Duma,
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Was the Duma representative? Give a statisic to who this?
No- In the 1st and 2nd Duma, 1 gentry vote= 3.5 townspeople= 15 peasants = 45 workers
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For the 3rd and 4th Duma, what happened to worker representation?
It halved,
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How does NII show continuity?
Similar to Tsars due to lack of personal rights, -Similar to AII and Khrushchev for allowing political rights more freely,
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How does NII show change?
AIII-He restricted political freedoms,
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For Provisional Government, describe personal rights ?
No change,
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For political rights, what was immediately introduced?
universal suffrage- Strikes, all newspapers and parties allowed,
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For Lenin, describe personal rights under Lenin?
Civil Marriage- Yes, -Divorce-Yes, -Abortion-No
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For political rights, describe the voting rights people had?
Everyone can vote, but only for the Communist Party,
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Describe the freedom of speech rights people had with a statistic?
They were unable to disagree- 1921-24, 30% of party members were expelled,
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What policy did Lenin introduce in 1921?
A ban on factions within a party,
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How does Lenin show continuity?
Similar to AIII and Stalin as all restricted political rights for power,
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How does Lenin show change?
Different to the Tsars as allowed more personal freedoms, -Different to Khrushchev, AII and N-They allowed more political rights,
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For Stalin and personal rights, was Civil Marriage allowed?
Yes
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For personal rights, was divorce allowed?
Yes, but it was made harder and made more expensive,
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For personal rights, was abortion allowed?
It was allowed from 1926-36 but stopped after to increase birth rate,
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What freedoms does Stalin allow?
He grants freedom of speech, freedom of press, but only if they support Communism/ Socialism,
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Due to an increase in juvenile crime, what is introudced and when and by who?
-1935, -New law passed that anyone aged 12 or above could be punished as an adult, -Politburo,
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Was Universal Suffrage still allowed from the Provisional Government?
Yes- BUT only for the Communist Party,
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How deos Stalin show continuity?
Similar to Lenin as he allowed more personal freedoms but more more restrictive politically, -Similar to AIII in restrictions politically,
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How does Stalin show change?
Tsars- Allows more personal freedoms, -AII, NII and Khrushchev- More freedom in political rights,
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For Khrushchev, describe personal rights?
Civil Marriage-Allowed, -Divorce-Allowed, -Abortion-Allowed from 1955,
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What Courts were set up and who were they run by? What kind of offences were they for?
"Comrade Courts", -Run by ordinary party members, -For minor offences,
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What body could people vote for, but what was the restriction?
-People could vote for a nationally elected body, but only the communist party,
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What policy did Khrushchev begin in Russia?
Democratisation,
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How does Khrushchev show continuity?
Similar to AII and NII as all allowed political freedoms, -Similar to Lenin and Stalin partly due to similar freedoms in personal rights,
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How does Khrushchev show change?
Different from Tsars as he allowed more personal freedoms, -Different to Stalin and Lenin as allowed more political freedoms,
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To conclude, give the pattern or big picture of personal/political rights for all rulers?
Despite attempted change under the Provisional Government and in the Dumas, law makign remained centrally controlled throughout and personal freedoms generally increased throughout the rulers,
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What Statute did AII introduce with Judical reforms and when?
Back
The Judiciary Statutue of 1864,
Card 3
Front
What did this statute do?
Back
Card 4
Front
What did AII change for judges and why?
Back
Card 5
Front
What was introduced for political trials and when?
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