For AII, which religion was less persecuted and an example with education?
-Jewish people were less persecuted, -They were allowed into higher education
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For AII, what did he lift restrictions on for where the Jews live and when?
He lifted restrictions on Jewish people living in the border areas, the 'Pale Settlement' in 1859.
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What religion was favoured in Russia?
Orthodoxy,
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For AIII, what religious group increasingly suffered?
Jews
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What policy did AIII introduce and when which regulated their lives?
-1881, -Pogroms which involved 1,400 laws,
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Give two examples of restrictions AIII introduced?
They had a quotas of no more than 10% at University, -They couldn't own land,
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For Nicholas II, what was passed by the Duma? Was it implemented and why?
-Religious toleration was passed by the Duma, -No, it was vetoed by the Tsar,
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For the Provisional Government, what did they abolish?
They immediately abolished all religious priviledges,
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What did this allow for religions? Was it successful?
-It allowed for more religious freedomsn, -However, it had little impact,
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Under Lenin, what was his views/ Communist views of religion
Communists- Saw religion as the "opium of the people" so disliked it,
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Therefore, what did Lenin do to religion?
Any influential religious figures were removed with Red Terror and the Church was persecuted,
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What two things did Lenin close due to religion?
-Theological Schools were closed, -Church publications were prohibited,
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For Stalin, Lenin began the execution of Bishops. By 1939, how many Bishops were left in the USSR?
7
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What was the name of Stalin's force against religion?
League of the Militant Godless,
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In 1930, how many congregations were active and by 1939, how many churches were active?
1930-300,000 congregations, -By 1939, 1 in 4 churches were active,
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However, what census found this repression in religion was unsuccessful?
-1937 Census, -57% of all Russians believed in some sort of deity,
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What were many Cathedrals converted into?
Museums,
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However, why did Stalin begin to revive Russian Orthdox Churches in 1941 and by 1957, how many were active?
-Due to Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 so to increase patriotic support, -By 1957, 22,000 Russian Orthodox Churches were active,
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What purge was Stalin planning against the Jews and when?
-The Doctor's Plot, -1953
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For Khrushchev, what does he try to replace the Bible with?
The "Moral Code",
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How many churches did he force the closure of?
12,000
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To conclude, what is the overall pattern/ big picture for religion through the rulers?
While the Tsars all Orthodox religion, the dictators condemned and perseucted the Orthodox religion. While Stalin persecuted the Orthodox the most, he later allowed it to return. The rulers varied in their attacks on Judaism,
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
For AII, what did he lift restrictions on for where the Jews live and when?
Back
He lifted restrictions on Jewish people living in the border areas, the 'Pale Settlement' in 1859.
Card 3
Front
What religion was favoured in Russia?
Back
Card 4
Front
For AIII, what religious group increasingly suffered?
Back
Card 5
Front
What policy did AIII introduce and when which regulated their lives?
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