Key Terms Unit 1 Chapter 4

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Catalyst
A molecule which speeds up a chemical reaction, but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
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Metabolic pathway
A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions in which a product of one reaction is a reactant in the next
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Active site
Site on an enzyme wit particular three-dimensional structure that permits binding with a substrate
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Enzyme-substrate complex
Intermediate structure formed during an enzyme-catalysed reaction in which the substrate and enzyme bind temporarily, such that the substrates are close enough to react
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Activation energy
The minimum energy that must be put into a chemical system for a reaction to occur
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Denatured
An enzyme's active site is permanently distorted by the irreversible breaking of hydrogen bonds, preventing substrate binding and reducing the rate of reaction
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Inactivation
Reversible reduction of enzyme activity at low temperature as molecules have insufficient kinetic energy to form enzyme-substrate complexes
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Limiting factor
Factor is limiting when an increase in its value causes an increase in its value causes an increase in the rate of reaction
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Inhibitor
A molecule or ion that reduces the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction
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Competitive inhibition
Reduction of the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction by a molecule or ion that has a complementary shape to the active site, similar to the substrate, and binds to the active site, preventing the substrate binding
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Non-competitive inhibition
Reduction of the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction by a molecule or ion that binds to the enzyme somewhere other than the enzyme active site, altering the shape of the active site so that the substrate cannot bind
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Immoboilised enzyme
Enzyme molecules bound to an inert material, over which the substrate molecules move
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Biosensor
A device that combines a biomolecule, such as an enzyme, with a transducer, to produce an electrical signal, which measures the concentration of a chemical
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions in which a product of one reaction is a reactant in the next

Back

Metabolic pathway

Card 3

Front

Site on an enzyme wit particular three-dimensional structure that permits binding with a substrate

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Intermediate structure formed during an enzyme-catalysed reaction in which the substrate and enzyme bind temporarily, such that the substrates are close enough to react

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The minimum energy that must be put into a chemical system for a reaction to occur

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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