Key of English 4 - Grammar (Word Classes)

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  • Created by: lwilson23
  • Created on: 26-11-18 15:55
Open word classes
Can be added to
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Closed word classes
Can't be added to
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Form
The general structure and word class of a word
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Function
The role/job of a word within a sentence
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Nouns
Naming words
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Proper nouns
Names of specific people/places/objects with capital letters
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Concrete nouns
Names of things which can be physically touched (e.g. 'chair')
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Abstract nouns
Nouns which relate to things which are not physical and can not be touched (e.g. 'happiness')
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Collective nouns
Nouns which describe groups of things (e.g. 'Parliament')
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Count noun
Nouns that form a plural by appending an 's' suffix (e.g. 'book' becomes 'books')
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Non-count noun
Nouns which don't form a plural by adding 's' (e.g. 'sheep' remains as 'sheep')
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Verbs
Words which denote an action
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Lexical verb
Any verb that isn't an auxiliary verb
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Auxiliary verb
Verb that forms the voices/tenses of a sentence, serve a grammatical function.
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Primary verbs
Be, have and do
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Dynamic verbs
Verbs which describe a physical action (e.g. 'walk')
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Stative verbs
Verbs which focus on conditions/states of being (e.g. 'think')
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Infinitive verbs
Verbs which assist in creating future time (e.g. 'to go')
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Regular verbs
Verbs which form past tense by adding an -ed suffix (e.g. 'scare' becomes 'scared')
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Irregular verbs
Verbs in which the base changes form to form past tense (e.g. 'run' becomes 'ran')
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Modal verbs
Type of auxiliary verb which expresses necessity (e.g. 'must')
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Copula verbs
Used to link an adjective/noun to the subject of a sentence
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Adjectives
Describing words
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Attributive adjectives
Pre-modify nouns
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Predicative adjectives
Post-modify nouns
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Comparative adjectives
Provides comparison and is formed by the -er suffix (e.g. 'bigger')
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Superlative adjectives
Describe extremes and formed by -est suffix (e.g. 'greatest')
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Adverbs
Modify verbs and adjectives
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Adjunct
Optional adverbial in a sentence that doesn't affect the remainder of the sentence if removed
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Five types of adverbs
Frequency, manner, time, place and degree (intensifiers)
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Conjunct
Adverbial that provides more information to a sentence but is not considered as part of the prepositional context
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Disjunct
Adverbial used to express a writer's opinion on the topic of a sentence (e.g. 'frankly')
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Comparative adverbs
Adverb used to show change or make comparison (e.g. 'more quickly')
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Pronouns
Substitute nouns in sentences (e.g. 'he')
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First person pronouns
'I' (Singular), 'We' (Plural)
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Second person pronouns
'You' in both singular and plural
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Third person pronouns
'he', 'she' or 'it' (Singular), 'they' (Plural)
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First person plural inclusive pronouns
Give a sense of unity and belonging, used to build rapport between writer and audience (e.g. 'the inclusive 'We')
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Possessive pronouns
Pronouns which indicate ownership (e.g. 'mine')
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Reflexive pronouns
Pronouns which end with '-self-' suffix (e.g. 'myself')
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Subject case pronouns
Pronoun before the verb in a sentence
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Object case pronouns
Pronoun after the verb in a sentence
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Demonstrative pronouns
Pronouns which show where something is (e.g. 'this')
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Determiners
Little words often placed before nouns in a sentence
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Definite articles
More specific ('the')
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Indefinite articles
Less specific ('a'/'an')
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Possessive determiners
Indicate ownership and come before the noun (e.g. 'my', 'your')
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Demonstrative determiners
Words which come before nouns which indicate where something is (e.g. 'this', 'that')
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Cardinal determiners
Determiners which indicate quantity - numerical values (e.g. 'two hundred')
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Ordinal determiners
Determiners which indicate the position of something (e.g. 'first')
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Prepositions
Relationship and positioning words which are often indicative of place, time and direction
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Conjunctions
Link words together
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Co-ordinating conjunctions
Link sentences/things of equal value together - found in compound sentences (e.g. 'FANBOYS')
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Subordinating conjunctions
Link things of dissimilar value - found in complex and compound-complex sentences
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Interjections
Expressive language used in everyday speech (e.g. 'yes', 'hi')
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Intensifiers
An adverb used to give force or emphasis to a particular statement
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Modifiers
Element of a sentence which changes the meaning of another element
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Negative
A sentence which has the word 'not' after the first auxiliary verb
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Dummy words
Words used for syntax without meaning (e.g. the 'dummy do')
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Gradable adjectives and adverbs
Describe qualities which can be measured
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Can't be added to

Back

Closed word classes

Card 3

Front

The general structure and word class of a word

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The role/job of a word within a sentence

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Naming words

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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