Kennedy - Civil Rights

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Birmingham, spring 1963
MLK chose Birmingham, Alabama for a big SCLC campaign against segregation for several reasons: Birmingham was 'by far' America's 'worst big-city' for racism, white divisions there looked promising, and the Public Safety Commissioner 'Bull' Connor was a de
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Birmingham, spring 1963 (2)
There was 'tremendous resistance' in the black community. The few black demonstrators were met by police and dogs, and King marched - knowing he would be arrested and gain national attention. While in solitary confinement, he wrote and published widely hi
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Birmingham, spring 1963 (3)
Kennedy ordered MLK's release, however he was discouraged as marches still lacked black support. He enlisted black school children as young as 6, which was a highly effective strategy. They succeeded in their aim of 'filling the jails' with 2000 protestor
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Significance of Birmingham
It was a media triumph for the SCLC, and had exposed the evils of Southern segregation to the nation and world. The Kennedy administration admitted that it was crucial in persuading to to push the 1964 Civil Rights Act
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March on Washington, August 1963
This aimed to encouraged the passage of the Civil Rights Act and executive action to increase black employment. The moving force behind the march was Phillip Randolph. It was a great success: a quarter of the crowd of 250,000 predominantly middle-class we
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March on Washington, August 1963 (2)
MLK made his 'I have a dream' speech which was an exceptionally powerful appeal to white America. It is significant as it surely played a part in the passage of the Civil Rights Bill , and was behind the memorable MLK speech
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Kennedy's executive actions - employment
He made an unprecedented number of black appointments to the federal bureaucracy, and 5 black federal judges (including Thurgood Marshall). He also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which was behind a 100% increase in black emplo
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Kennedy's executive actions - Voting Rights
The Kennedy Justice Department brought 57 legal cases against illegal violations of black voting rights in the south
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Economic prosperity
During Kennedy's presidency, GNP expanded by 20%, industrial production rose by 22% and personal income rose by 15%. However, there were frequent slowdowns in 1961-2. Nevertheless, the prosperity of the majority of the US was the envy of the rest of the
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

There was 'tremendous resistance' in the black community. The few black demonstrators were met by police and dogs, and King marched - knowing he would be arrested and gain national attention. While in solitary confinement, he wrote and published widely hi

Back

Birmingham, spring 1963 (2)

Card 3

Front

Kennedy ordered MLK's release, however he was discouraged as marches still lacked black support. He enlisted black school children as young as 6, which was a highly effective strategy. They succeeded in their aim of 'filling the jails' with 2000 protestor

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

It was a media triumph for the SCLC, and had exposed the evils of Southern segregation to the nation and world. The Kennedy administration admitted that it was crucial in persuading to to push the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

This aimed to encouraged the passage of the Civil Rights Act and executive action to increase black employment. The moving force behind the march was Phillip Randolph. It was a great success: a quarter of the crowd of 250,000 predominantly middle-class we

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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