James' foreign policy

?
Aims of James' foriegn policy
Disliked war; like to be a peacemaker - wanted to end war with Spain and improve relations with them. He prefered to relyy on diplomacy and negotiations to settle international disputes
1 of 18
What did many of James' subjects think about war with Spain?
they saw Spain and Roman Catholicism as a real threat - didn't look at Spnish decline after bankrupcy and Philip's death. They misunderstood James actions when he didn't explain them. Many believed a war could pay for itself from Spanish shipping.
2 of 18
Peace with Spain 1604
Treaty of London. Good outcome as expenses were reduced, trade boom and James fulfilled his ideals. No serious concessions made - some opposition in England from those who hated Spain or had profited from piracy.
3 of 18
Relations with Henry IV of France
Henry feared Spain - helped Dutch in fight against RCs. Wanted James to help too but James wanted his loans first. Dutch/ Spanish Twelve Year Truce, but Henry saw troops on his borders as a threat - wanted James' help.He died, no need to get involved
4 of 18
Arbiter and Mediator
Settled 1613 war between Sweden and Denmark. Negotiated Julich-Cleves dispute of 1614.Arranged his daughter's marriage to a leading Protestant - favourable reactions from his subjects who felt he was fulfilling his role as a Protestant leader.
5 of 18
James' aims in Europe
to give a Protestant response to maintain a balance of power in Europe after a French-Spanish royal marriage worried him. He made links with Protestants and wanted to build bridge with RCs to bring two sides together. Saw a marriage as the solution.
6 of 18
Spanish Match 1
Spanish ambassador influenced James - they became good friends. He had the Spanish Infanta Maria in mind, but when it became clear the Spain would expect children to be brought up as RCs, and Parliament would not agree, he gave up.
7 of 18
The Thirty Years War
Broke out in 1618 - Protestant nobility revolted against their new king and offered Frederick of the Palatinate the throne. He asked James' advice - he counselled caution but he didn't wait to hear it accepting the throne.
8 of 18
The Thirty Years War 2
Archduke Ferdinand (the former king) invaded Bohemia defeating Protestant forces there, then Spanish Hapsburgs attacked Fredericks Palatinate lands. By 1621 - Frederick was a refugee. Complicated by renewal of Netherlands/Spanish war in 1621.
9 of 18
What were James' actions as a result?
James had a difficult situation - Elizabeth was his daughter and had English Protestant support, however English intervention in the Palatinate was impractical. He hoped the Spanish match would help to get the Palatinate back rightfully to Frederick.
10 of 18
Spanish alliance?
overestimated the power of a English alliance with Spain. He saw no alternative to the Spanish alliance since the French were unlikely to become part of a wider Protestant alliance. To his subjects this was unthinkable (Spanish armada)
11 of 18
Spanish Match 2
1622 negotiations started again between Spain and England for the marriage. Charles was eager to marry and disrupted the negotiations by travelling incognito to Spain - made Spain and England think he was turning RC. Infantat Maria was unwilling.
12 of 18
Why did the Spanish Match fail?
concessions - toleration of RCs in England, abolition of restrictive laws. Reluctant to make promised about Palatinate - didn't want to ensure Frederick returned there. Charles and Buckingham to rejoicing that it had failed - Charles was popular.
13 of 18
Why was England sidelined in the end?
He recognised that England did not have the money for European intervention. He lost patience for the enthusaism for war with Spain. He was unwell.
14 of 18
Were his policies a success?
His dreams of preventing religious war in Europe - shattered. Wouldn't fight Spain but agreed to a treaty with the Dutch. Agreed a marriage to Henrietta Maria. Ultimately his foreign policy failed, but it was a worthwhile aim(seen by bloodshed later)
15 of 18
What happened in the Mansfield expedition?
Agreed to a limited expedition to Mansfield to recover Palatinate. Troops only got to Dutch Flushing where many died from plague. Then James died suddenly.
16 of 18
How did Parliament interfer in his prerogative?
Commons wanted to see Charles married to a Protestant - but discussing his personal matters was a breach of prerogative.
17 of 18
How did MPs feel about the Palatinate?
they were eager to recover the Palatinate, and the anti-Spanish group urged war with Spain. However MPs began to realise they would face opposition if they agreed to heavier taxes. Only one subsidy was offered.
18 of 18

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did many of James' subjects think about war with Spain?

Back

they saw Spain and Roman Catholicism as a real threat - didn't look at Spnish decline after bankrupcy and Philip's death. They misunderstood James actions when he didn't explain them. Many believed a war could pay for itself from Spanish shipping.

Card 3

Front

Peace with Spain 1604

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Relations with Henry IV of France

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Arbiter and Mediator

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

James I
James 1
See all History resources »See all British monarchy - Tudors and Stuarts resources »