Italy WW1

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How many war-time governments did Italy have from 1914-1918?
Three.
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Who was the first war-time government?
Salandra
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What did Salandra do?
Architect of Treaty of London
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What did Salandra hope for and why?
A short war to strengthen the state
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When did his government fall?
June 1916
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Why did his government fail?
Military failings in the face-off the Austro-Hungarian offensive at Trentino.
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Who were the second War-time government?
Boselli.
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Describe Boselli in two words.
Aged and ineffective.
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What type of government did Boselli form?
A coalition government.
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Who was in the coalition government?
Right-wing conservatives and democratic interventionists
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When was it established?
June 1916
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Why did it fall?
Embarrassing defeat at Capporetto
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Who was the third war-time government?
Orlando.
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What type of government did he form?
A largely democratic interventionist government
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How long did it survive to?
Till the end of the war.
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What were the Military problems in the interwar years? (7 reasons)
1)Southern Peasent Conscription 5m Men 2)Death 600000 3)Soldiers didn't understand why they were there 4)Skilled industrial workers stayed at home 5)Low rations: 600g bread, 250g meat, 150g pasta 6)0.5 lira per day 7)11 offensives in 2 and half years
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What were the Military problems in the interwar years? (7 reasons)
8)1m wounded 9)trench stalemate 10)low morale 11)Alpine Campaign 12)Battle of Capporetto 13)General Cadorna 14)Battle of Vittorio Veneto
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What was the Alpine Campaign?
The protection of the mountains
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Why was it a problem?
The winter weather caused the men to get frost bite.
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What happened at the Battle of Capporetto?
There was a shortage of food and equipment by 1918. 700000 men retreated 100000 miles. The general blamed the cowardice of soldiers. Bad tactics resulted in many casualties.
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Who was General Cadorna?
An autocratic, stubborn leader. He blamed the weaknesses of the government
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What happened at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto?
The Italian's attacked the Austrians. Austria collapsed. 500 000 prisoners.
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What were the Economic problems in the interwar years? (4 reasons)
1)Economy was controlled by large business, military leaders and senior government leaders2)Parliament was a rubber-stamp and bipassed 3)Foreign Loans were a problem as Italy owed 23 billion Lire to America 4)The was cost 148 billion Lire
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What were the Economic problems in the interwar years? (6 reasons)
5)National debt rose from 16 billion to 85 billion lire 6) High inflation 7)Price of goods was 4 time higher 8)Industrial expansion took place for Fiat,Breda, Alsaldo 9)wages kept low 10)workers felt business was working against them profiting
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What were the Political problems in the interwar years? (6 reasons)
1)Government powers increased 2)Parliament was a rubber stamp 3) Close-state industry links 4) Capporetto led to reorganise and promise of major social reforms 5)PSI Advocated "neither support nor sabotage" 6)Pope criticised "useless slaughter"
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What were the Political problems in the interwar years? (6 reasons)
7)PM Salandra hoped for a short war to unite country 8)Majority of Public population was against war 9) Mussolini believed war would start revelution 10) War eroded Italian Democracy 11) Salandra ruled by decree undermining democracy
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What were the Political problems in the interwar years? (4 reasons)
12)Parliament rarely met minimising public criticism 13)Unelected military powers grew in rank so military was prioritised 14) Public confidence in democracy was weakened 15)there were 3 wartime governments 16) there was deep divisions
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What were the Social problems in the interwar years? (6 reasons)
1)Anti war protests/ bread riots 50 killed summer 1917 2) Desire for land as more women worked on land due to men conscripted 3) peasant debt paid off 4) Food Shortages 5) 75 hour weeks 6) war economy led to prosperity in modern industrial cities
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What were the Social problems in the interwar years? (4 reasons)
7)Economic underdevelopment in rural areas 8) war economy priorities military production 9)Workers denounced big businesses as they profitted from war. 10)Government refused to pay war from progressive tax so increased indirect tax outraged socialist
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Who was Giolitti?
Most experienced politician. Pm of Italy on 5 different occasions. wanted peace negotiations. was accused of defeatism and politically isolated
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Explain the attitudes of the Neutralists to Italy's entry into the First World War.(4 reasons)
1)Ex-PM Giolitti, most Catholics disliked idea of fighting catholic Austria 2)Army and Big Business felt Italy not military or economically ready for war 3) Socialists condemned war as capitalists or "bosses" war 4)Parliament favoured Peace
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Explain the attitudes of the Interventionist to Italy's entry into the First World War.(5 reasons)
1)nationalists-Mussolini believed would establish Italy a great power+ remove feeling of inferiority2) Imperialistic ambitions gain african colonies 3)Poet d'Annunzio "blood will flow from veins of Italy" 4)win glory 5)patriotism 6)revolution
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Reasons to go to war. (7 reasons)
1)everyone else went 2) Patriotism 3)Nationalism 4) Glory 5) Wanted clines/land 6) Italy deserved more 7)Enthusiasm
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Reasons to remain neutral. (5 reasons)
1)Catholic Church did not support war 2) Weak economy 3) People didn't understand why 4) Little Morale 5) Armt not ready with military fears.
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Why did Italy remain neutral in 1914? (4 reasons)
1)Military Weakness 2)Economic weakness 3) No support from institutions 4) Hopes of a better deal
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Why did Italy enter the war in 1915? (4 reasons)
1)Under Secret Treaty of London 2) Better deal with London and France 3) Public support went to war 4) Didn't want to be left out
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Why stay with Triple Alliance?
They are a long standing member of of pact - loyalty
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Why join Triple Entente?
Wanted land that they would not get if they were on same side.
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Treaty of London Terms
Receive South Tyrol , Trentino, Istria, Triest and most of Dalmatia
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What year did Italy enter the war?
1915
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who was the first war-time government?

Back

Salandra

Card 3

Front

What did Salandra do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Salandra hope for and why?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When did his government fall?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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