IT revision, pages 28-35 (Revision guide)

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What are online services?
Information and services that are made available over the internet, usually via a web browser. As a result, access to these services is extremely flexible and convenient.
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How does retail use online services?
E-commerce sites and online auctions.
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What are the advantages of people using online retail services?
Wide range of competition to choose from with the ability to compare, Saves transport time and cost, Better targeted marketing can be done online.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online retail services?
Products and services may not be regulated, May result in nuisance emails and texts, Costs for delivery, Much more hassle if the product has a fault as you have to send it back.
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How can users use financial services through online services?
Online banking and trading
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What are the advantages of people using online financial services?
Manage finances from home, Reduces the need for visiting financial institutions to conduct business - resulting in reduced travel times and costs.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online financial services?
Not all services may be genuine/secure, Potential for unauthorised access through security breaches and social engineering.
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How can people use online services for education and training?
Distance learning degrees, E-learning new skills, wider range of resources
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What are the advantages of people using online education and training services?
Learn in your own time, Access to a wide range of courses than those taught locally, Can often find ones for free.
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What are the disadvantages of people using education and training services?
Need to make sure the course is properly accredited, Lack of structure may impede learning.
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How can people use online services for news and information?
People can access traffic reports, weather reports, news websites.
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What are the advantages of people using online news and information services?
Provides the most up-to-date information, Helps to plan travel and events to avoid traffic, bad weather, Can be personalised to show news particular topics.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online news and information services?
Need to check the reliability of the information provider. Too much information is accessible too quickly, for example potential impact and prejudgement of the accused before trial.
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How can people use online services for entertainment and leisure?
Music/video streaming, Online gaming.
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What are the advantages of people using online entertainment and leisure services?
Access a wide range of content, Can play games with people all over the world.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online entertainment and gaming services?
Children may be able to access inappropriate content, copyright issues may arise.
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How can people use online services for productivity?
Cloud computing software, Communication tools such as video conferencing and emails.
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What are the advantages of people using online productivity services?
Accessible anywhere with an internet connection and on most devices, Supports collaborative working, sharing and comms. Is often cheaper.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online productivity services?
Potential for the loss of the human touch by using tech to communicate and plan in isolation.
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How can people use online services for booking systems?
Hotels, transport and appointments can be booked through online services.
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What are the advantages of people using online booking systems/services?
No need to travel to make the booking, Fewer admin staff needed to take bookings, Avoids having to wait in a telephone queue or in line.
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What are the disadvantages of people using online booking systems/services?
Disadvantage people without internet. Can be glitches causing payment with no ticket. Often additional fees onto the ticket.
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What are the benefits for businesses using online services to communicate with staff?
Users in different locations can work on the same project, Don't need to travel to work together-saves time+money, Can work on the same doc instead of different versions, Can use shared workspaces even though geographically separate.
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What is version control?
This mean a user knows which is the most up to date document to use. It is important when using collaborative working.
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How can version control be managed?
Locking the file and making it 'read only' while one user is viewing or editing it, Using software that allocates version numbers and dates of editing.
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What is transactional data and what are the main examples?
Businesses collect data from transactions made by their customers. Examples of online transactions are purchases from retail sites and banking services. Loyalty cards allow collection of data from purchases. Cookies are used to track browsing habits.
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How can transactional data be used?
Ensure specific marketing, Analyse trends so that there is enough available to meet forecasts, Plan the workforce (particularly for service industries).
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What is targeted marketing?
This is used to target specific demographics, such as particular age, gender or shared interest groups.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in stock control?
+Automatic stock reordering, +Accurate stock levels recorded, -Can be expensive and may require training
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in data logging ?
+Highly accurate recordings, +Doesn't require humans to log data, +Automatic processing of data and output in different formats, -Requires persistent data connectivity to provide real time telemetry.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in general office tasks?
+Improve efficiency and quality e.g spreadsheets and reports, -May require training,
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in creative tasks?
+Makes it easier to edit film, music and network. +Many ways of sharing creative work e.g video+image sharing websites. -Files from creative tasks require large amount of storage. -Privacy concerns.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in online advertiseing?
+Allows very specific targeted marketing based on users browsing habits, +Very cost effective with a variety of payment methods such as cost per click. -Difficult to choose the best site for your adverts from the huge choice.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in manufacturing?
+Improved efficiency - robots don't take breaks or make mistakes. +Hazardous tasks can be performed by machinery. -Loss of jobs in manufacturing-expensive to implement. -Cannot deal with exceptions easily.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using IT systems in security?
+Includes tech such as swipe cards and biometrics. +CCTV monitoring and video tech require fewer staff patrols. -Often expensive to implement due to the use of specialist hardware and bespoke software solutions. -Privacy concerns.
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of user experience?
Does technology enhance what the users can already do? Is it easy to use and navigate? Will the system increase performance? What about users with addiotnal needs?
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of employee/customer needs?
Are businesses losing that personal touch in order to be more efficient? Do customers/employees feel monitored in a negative way?
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of cost?
What are the upfront and ongoing costs - maintenance and implementation? Peoples cost - training, skilled technical personnel.
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of implementation?
How long will it take - will there be a halt in production/work done? The new system will need to be tested - when will it be done and how often?
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of replacement/integration with current systems?
Will it work with existing systems? What about existing data? - will and how will it be transferred? Automation - will it reduce human error and increase efficiency? Will it change current working practises?
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of user support and staff training needs?
Staff culture - how will staff accept new IT systems? Staff skillsets - does the level of technical and support expertise required change? Is there a cost to train staff?
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What are the things businesses will need to consider when implementing a new IT system in terms of security?
How sensitive is the data protected? Is it secure? Compliance with new regs. Public relations at risk of data breaches. Backups and extra hardware need to be purchased/done?
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What is the main reason why businesses collect data?
To find out what their customers want and what they are prepared to buy.
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What is primary sourced data?
Data is gathered directly from the source, for example using a survey or from sensor readings. The business collects the data/info itself.
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What is secondary sourced data?
This is data that already exists, for example from previous research, books, journals or reports. The business uses already collected data.
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What must data be in order for it to be classed as reliable?
Complete - all the data must be there and entered. Accurate - the data must be correct and truthful. This is easier to achieve from primary sources.
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What are questionnaires?
A series of questions, usually close ended with checkbox answer options. Traditional paper formats or electronic questionnaire websites can be used.
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What are the advantages of questionnaires?
Allows you to gather information from a large audiene in a short space of time. All respondants get asked the same questions, giving consistency to data.
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What are the disadvantages of questionnaires?
Traditional closed questions don't offer any explanation of answers, while remote questionnaires may be misinterpreted by users resulting in less reliable data. Response rate is usually low.
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What is an interview?
A focused one to one meeting with an individual where an interviewer asks questions. This can be done face to face, over the phone or on a video chat.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of an interview?
+Follow up questions can be asked, +Personal contact can give better expressions and more honesty, -Takes time and money to plan and repeat, -Data is less quantitative than from questionnaires and so harder to analyse.
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What is a focus group?
This type of survey involves a group of people who are invited to take part. Participants answer questions and share ideas by engaging in conversation.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of focus groups?
+Quicker to gather info from a large group, +Respondants react to each others answers providing detailed data, -Hard to plan and set up, -Qualitative data can be hard to analyse.
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What could be the consequences for businesses who have innacurate data?
Incorrectly recorded stock levels could lead to ordering too little/much stock. Can delay peoples plans for the days, e.g businesses calenders may be wrong.
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What is validation?
This ensures data is entered sensibly and reasonably.
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What are some examples of validation checks?
Type check - data must be the correct type e.g letters, numbers. Range check - numerical data must be between set values. Length check - less/greater than a certain amount of digits. Format check - data entered in the correct predefined format.
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What is verification?
Ensures data entered matches the original source. It is usually entered twice.
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What are some examples of verification?
Double entry check - data must be entered twice and both entries must match. Proofreading check - data must be read through to ensure there are no data entry errors.
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What is data modelling?
Ensures that the database is correctly structured, allowing the data to be efficiently processed. Correctly stored data can be used in numerical modelling. This involves simulating systems to help analyse data and make predictions.
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What is trend analysis?
Predict the future movement of a stock based on past data.
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What are the main ways in which data can be presented?
Charts, text, reports, presentations.
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What are user interfaces of database systems usually used for?
To collect data for processing and to output the results to users, so that they can interpret and use that data.
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What are relational databases apps and spreadsheets used for?
Used to present information in a variety of formats.
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How can data be presented on spreadsheets and databases?
Tabular and graphical - reports on databases also.
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How will a good user interface reduce errors when data is inputted?
Automating certain aspects, e.g by providing dropdown list boxes, spinners and checkboxes to reduce typing. Provide warnings when incorrect data is entered. Using techniques such as colour to indicate data entry.
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How can a good user interface be easy to use when data is inputted?
People with disabilities need to be able to still input and output data despite having a disabillity.
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How can a good user interface be intuitive?
If it has clear navigation, good labelling and choosing the right output formats all help improve this.
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How can a good user interface improve functionality?
Must allow organisations to make use of the data stored in the ways that it requires. For example, the organisation may wish to carry out certain types of calculations or produce specific types of reports.
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How can a good user interface improve performance and compatibility?
Needs to be able to process the inputs to the user interface and present outputs quickly, poor performance leads to frustration and reduces productivity. The system needs to be compatible with other systems that input/output data.
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Card 2

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How does retail use online services?

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E-commerce sites and online auctions.

Card 3

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What are the advantages of people using online retail services?

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Card 4

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What are the disadvantages of people using online retail services?

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Card 5

Front

How can users use financial services through online services?

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