Idea that we are able to control and choose our course of action.
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Hard Determinsim
The view that human behaviour is determined by external forces and the actions are out of our control.
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Soft Determinism AKA Compatibilism
(James 1980) The idea that behaviour is determined, but humans also have the chance to exercise free will. Acknowledges that determinism exists but that there is also the chance to choose in some circumstances.
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Biological Determinism
Any form of biological influence on the body e.g. genes and brain.
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Environmental Determinism
The idea that our behaviour is determined via environmental influences.
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Psychic Determinism
The role of the unconscious on concscious thoughts and how that effects behaviour.
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Causality
The ability to argue that a behaviour is caused by a particular factor e.g if one factor changes a behaviour when all other factors are controlled it must be responsible.
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Nativism
"Nature" side of the debate e.g. genetics.
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Empiricism
"Nurture" side of the debate e.g. environmental influences.
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Holism
The argument that behaviour should be viewed as a whole - looks at several factors.
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Reductionism
An explanation is reductionist when a single explantion or cause is suggetsed
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Idiographic
When an explanation considers the individual and argues that generalising from person to person is difficult beacuse of their uniqueness.
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Nomothetic
The idea that people can be regarded as groups and theories/explanations are therefore generalisable.
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Social Sensitivity
Refers to psychological research which has wider implictions that impact outside of the research context.
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Alpha Bias
This is the attempt to exaggerate the differences between the sexes.
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Beta Bias
This is the attempt to downplay the differences between the sexes.
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Ethnocentrism
The assumption that one ethic group is superior to another or all others and that the behaviour in that group is the norm.
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Cultural Relativism
The belief that it if essential to consider the cultural context when examinng behaviour in that culture. There is no global right or wrong, it varies across cultures.
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Adrocentrism
Androcentrism refers to theories that are centred on, or focused on males.
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Biological Reductionism
Refers to the way psychologists try to reduce behaviour to a physical level and explain it in terms of neurons, neurotransmitters, hormones, brain structure.
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Culture Bias
The tendency to judge people in terms of one's own cultural assumptions.
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Determinism
The view that we have no free will and that our behaviour is controlled by by internal/external forces.
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Ethical Implications
Ethical implications consider the impact or consequences that psychological research has on the rights of other people in a wider context, not just the participants taking part in the research.
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Environmental Reductionism
Reduces behaviour to a stimulus-repsonse reaction. Behaviourists believe that all behaviour cann be reduces to stimulus-response and that complex behaviours are a chain of them.
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Gender Bias
A gender bias is the differential treatment and/or representation of males and females, based on stereotypes and not on real differences.
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Heredity
The process in which traits are passed down genetically from one generation to the next.
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Interactionist Approach
Argues that several levels of explanation are necessary to explain a particular behaviour, ranging from lower (biological) to higher levels (social and cultural).
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Levels of Explanations
Used to explain behaviour ranging from lower basic levels to higher more holistic levels.
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Nature vs. Nurture
Centres on the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development and behaviour.
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Universality
Means that it can apply to all people, irrespective of gender and culture.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Hard Determinsim
Back
The view that human behaviour is determined by external forces and the actions are out of our control.
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