The idea that conclusions drawn can be applied to everyone, anywhere, regardless of time or culture.
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Alpha Bias
Exaggerates or over estimates differences between the sexes. More likely to devalue females in relation to their male counterparts.
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Beta Bias
Ignores, minimises or underestimates differences between men and women. Occurs when females are not included as part of the research.
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Androcentrism
Any behaviour that deviates from research that involves all-male samples is likely to be judged as abnormal, inferior or deficient by comparison. Female behaviour is often misunderstood.
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Ethnocentrism
A belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group.
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Cultural Relativism
The idea that what people discover may only make sense from the perspective of the culture within which they were discovered.
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Free Will
As human beings we are essentially self-determining to choose our thoughts and actions.
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Determinism
Proposes that free will has no place in explaining behaviour.
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Hard Determinism
Suggests that all human behaviour has a cause and it should be possible to identify and describe these causes.
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Soft Determinism
Acknowledge that all human action has a cause but make some room for the idea that people have concious mental control over the way they behave.
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Biological Determinism
Belief that human behaviour is controlled by an individual's genes or some component of their physiology.
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Environmental Determinism
All behaviour is a result of conditioning.
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Psychic Determinism
Behaviour is determined and directed by unconcious conflicts repressed in childhood.
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Nature
Human characteristics and some aspects of knowledge are innate (born with). Some argue the mind is a blank slate which learning and experience writes.
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Nurture
The influence of external factors on our behaviour e.g exposure, experience and learning.
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Holism
The idea that any attempt to break up behaviour and experience is appropriate as these can only be understood by analysing the person or behaviour as a whole.
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Reductionism
Analyses behaviour by breaking it down into its constituent parts.
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Biological Reductionism
Based on the premise that we are biological organisms made up of physiological structures and processes.
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Environmental Reductionism
Break complex learning up into simple stimulus-response linked that are measurable within the laboratory.
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Idiographic Approach
Attemps to describe the nature of the individual. People are studies as unique entities, with their own experiences, values and beliefs.
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Nomothetic Approach
Produce general laws of human behaviour which provide a 'benchmark' which people can be compared against and likely future behaviour can be predicted.
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Epigenetics
A change in our genetic activity without changing our genetic code.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Exaggerates or over estimates differences between the sexes. More likely to devalue females in relation to their male counterparts.
Back
Alpha Bias
Card 3
Front
Ignores, minimises or underestimates differences between men and women. Occurs when females are not included as part of the research.
Back
Card 4
Front
Any behaviour that deviates from research that involves all-male samples is likely to be judged as abnormal, inferior or deficient by comparison. Female behaviour is often misunderstood.
Back
Card 5
Front
A belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group.
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