Issues and Debates 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyIssues and DebatesA2/A-levelAQA Created by: emilywilliscroftCreated on: 06-12-16 11:46 Universality Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite any differences. 1 of 21 Gender Bias Tendency to treat one individual or group in a different way to the other, in reference to the gender. 2 of 21 Alpha Bias Psychological theories that suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. 3 of 21 Beta Bias Theories that ignore/minimize differences between the sexes. 4 of 21 Cultural Bias Tendency to ignore the differences between different cultures. 5 of 21 Ethnocentrism Judging other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture. 6 of 21 Free Will The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external factors. 7 of 21 Determinism The view that an individual's behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individuals will to do something. 8 of 21 Hard Determinism Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal or external events that are beyond our control. 9 of 21 Soft Determinism All events, including human behaviour, have causes, but behaviour can also be determined by our conscious choices in the absence of coercion. 10 of 21 Biological Determinism The belief that behaviour is caused by biological (genetic, hormonal, evolutionary) influences that we cannot control. 11 of 21 Environmental Determinism The belief that our behaviour is caused by features of the environment (such as rewards and punishments) that we cannot control. 12 of 21 The Nature-Nurture Debate Concerned with the extent to which aspects of behaviour are a product of inherited or acquired characteristics. 13 of 21 Heredity The genetic transmission of mental and physical characteristics from one generation to another. 14 of 21 Environment Any influence on human behaviour that is non-genetic (includes pre-natal influences in the womb). 15 of 21 The Interactionist Approach The idea that nature and nurture are linked to such an extent that it does not make sense to separate the two. 16 of 21 Holism An argument or theory which proposes that it only makes sense to study an indivisible system rather than its constituent parts. 17 of 21 Reductionism The belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts. 18 of 21 Idiographic Approach Focuses more on the individual case as a means of understanding behaviour. 19 of 21 Nomothetic Approach Attempts to study human behaviour through the development of general principles and universal laws. 20 of 21 Ethical Implications The impact that psychological research can have in terms of the rights of the participants. 21 of 21
OCR Psychology G544: Approaches and Research Methods in Psychology - Tips and Revision on how to answer Section B 0.0 / 5
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