Issues and Debates

?
  • Created by: ml1872
  • Created on: 16-12-17 23:38
Universality
Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite differences of experience and upbringing
1 of 26
Gender Bias
Psychological research or theory may offer a view that does not justifiably represent the experience and behaviour of men or women
2 of 26
Androcentrism
Male-Centred; when 'normal' behaviour is judged according to male standards
3 of 26
Alpha Bias
Psychological theories that suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These typically undervalue females.
4 of 26
Beta Bias
Theories that ignore or minimize differences between sexes
5 of 26
Cultural Bias
Refers to a tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret all behaviour through the 'lens' of ones own culture. E.G. Studies of obedience and conformity, originally conducted with US Participants had different results in other countries.
6 of 26
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture. In its extreme form it is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture.
7 of 26
Cultural Relativism
The idea that norms and values can only be meaningful and understood within specific social and cultural contexts.
8 of 26
Free Will
The belief that humans can make choices and are not determined by biological or external forces
9 of 26
Determinism
The belief that and individual's behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individual's will to do something
10 of 26
Hard Determinism
Free will is not possible, behaviour is always controlled by internal or external forces beyond our control.
11 of 26
Soft Determinism
All events have causes, but behaviour can also be determined by our conscious choices in the absence of coercion
12 of 26
Biological Determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by biological factors beyond our control
13 of 26
Environmental Determinism
The belief behaviour is caused by features of the environment that we cannot control
14 of 26
Psychic Determinism
The belief that behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts that we cannot control
15 of 26
Nature-Nurture Debate
Concerned with the extent to which aspects of behaviour are a product of inherited or acquired characteristics
16 of 26
Heredity
The genetic transmission of mental and physical characteristics from one generation to another
17 of 26
The interactionist approach
The idea that nature and nurture are linked to such an extent that it does not make sense to separate the two, so researchers study how they interact and influence each other
18 of 26
Holism
An argument or theory which proposes that it only makes sense to study an indivisible system rather than its constituent parts.
19 of 26
Reductionism
The belief human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts
20 of 26
Biological Reductionism
A form of reductionism which attempts to social and psychological phenomena at a lower biological level
21 of 26
Environmental Reductionism
The attempt to explain all behaviour in terms of stimulus-response links that have been learned through experience.
22 of 26
Idiographic Approach
Derived from the Greek 'idios' meaning 'private or personal'. An approach to research that focuses more on the individual case as a means of understanding behaviour, rather than aiming to formulate general laws of behaviour
23 of 26
Nomothetic Approach
Derived from the Greek 'nomos' meaning 'law'. The nomothetic approach attempts to study human behaviour through the development of general principles and universal laws.
24 of 26
Ethical implications
The impact that psychological research may have in terms of the rights of other people especially participants. This includes, at a societal level, influencing public policy and/or the way certain groups are regarded.
25 of 26
Social Sensitivity
Sieber and Stanley (1988) - 'studies in which there are potential consequences or implications, either directly for the participants or for the class of individuals represented by the research.
26 of 26

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Psychological research or theory may offer a view that does not justifiably represent the experience and behaviour of men or women

Back

Gender Bias

Card 3

Front

Male-Centred; when 'normal' behaviour is judged according to male standards

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Psychological theories that suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These typically undervalue females.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Theories that ignore or minimize differences between sexes

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Issues and Debates resources »