The movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
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Substances that diffuse?
Oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide
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What is the special kind of diffusion?
Osmosis
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Definition of osmosis
The movement of water molecules from of a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
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If a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution it becomes...?
Turgid
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If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it becomes...?
Shriveled/crenated
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What are the four states that a cell can become after being placed in either a hypotonic or hyoertonic solutionn?
Turgid, plasmolysed, lysis, shriveled.
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What is mitosis?
Cell division
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Why does mitosis take place?
Growth and repair.
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Draw the stages of mitosis
Refer to bible
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Describe the first stage of mitosis
Each chromosome doubles up to form two identocal chromatids joined by a centromere
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What is the cell wall made of?
cellulose
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Why must the chromosome complement remain the same?
Because chromosomes contain all the gentetic information needed to survive and the cell would not function properly if the complement was altered.
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What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions but reamin unchanged after the reaction has taken place
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What are the three parts of an enzyme equation?
Substrate, enzyme and product
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What are enzymes made of?
Protein
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What is the effect of temperature on enzymes?
At low temperatures they work slowly, they work the best at their optimum temperature and after this they are denatured so the rate of the reaction slows down rapidly.
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What is the optimum ph of amylase?
pH 7
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What is the respiration equation?
Glucose + oxygen -----> ENERGY + carbon dioxide + water
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What food group has the highest energy content?
Fats
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What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions happening in a cell at any one time
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