Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

GIS year one exam

  • Introduction
  • Systems 
  • Principle of geodosy
  • Spatial referencing and coordinate systems
  • Global positioning system
  • Data representation and storage
  • Getting data 
  • Spatial analysis
  • GIS outputs
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  • Created by: Sophie
  • Created on: 05-01-15 08:58
What is the discipline to geography not concerned with?
Geographic information system
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What is geographic information devised of?
Location, shape and descriptions
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What does a spatial referencing system do and what are some examples?
Allows us to locate and measure position on the earths surface, eg: maps and GPS
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What is the correct description for Britain's co-ordinates?
British National Grid, Cartesian coordinates, 100km by 100km identified by system of letters and gives letters of squars related to distances of north and east
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How are maps projected from a 3D plane to a 2D?
Coastlines are measured in relation to lines of longitude and latitude which form the spatial reference
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Which is not a concept used to describe how we measure space?
Using a compass to track our location relative to north, east, south and west
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What does GIS do with the different types of data?
Stores them as aspatial data with the co-ordinate system
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Which is not an ability that GIS does?
Ability to handle topological features on the earths surface
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What is not an IT infrastructure of GIS desktop software?
Compass and coordinates
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What does the does the inside of the desktop contains?
Specialist and non specialist tools for geographic information
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What creates a database?
Complex questions, multiple sources, geographic information in a systematic storage system
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What does a DBMS not do?
Analyse
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What does the structured system of linked tables not enable you to do?
By using entities to identify spatial features on the earths surface
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When was it believed earth was flat in the modern age?
1000 BC
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Who said the earth was spherical in when?
Eratosthenes in 250 BC
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How did Eratosthenes calculate the circumference of the earth and provide evidence that Plato and Aristotle did not provide?
Used angles of sunrays at the summer soltice and found it was 25,000 miles
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What determines the shape of the earth?
NAVISTAR GPS
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What is the relationship between the geoid and the ellipsoid?
Geoid includes smoothes topography on the top of an ellipsoid
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What does most mapping of the earth assume?
Ellipsoid
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What are the 2 varying projections of radical rays to parallel rays in planar projection?
Orthographic and stereographic
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What does projection not distort?
Scale of time
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What does spatial referencing not need to do?
Allow for spatial analysis in order to form conclusions
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What is not a form of spatial referencing?
Longitude and latitude
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What is not a feature of geographic coordinate systems
Provides a cartesian grid
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What is not an issue for geographic coordinate systems?
It is a well known international referencing system
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What is not a characteristic of a rectangular coordinate system?
Uses longtiude and latitude references
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What is an issue for the rectangular coordinate system?
Can only be used for relatively small areas so has a limited use
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What is the hierarchical order of the postcoding system?
Region, district, sector and units
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What is an issue of non coordinate systems?
Does not initially locate a specific point
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What is not a characteristic feature of satellites?
Found at 100 miles from one another
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Which is not a ground station location?
NASA plant
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What is the purpose of ground stations?
To send update info to satellites and corrections to clocks and celestial locations of ephemeris data
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What is not a key characteristic of Trilateration?
It is similar to trigonometry
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How do you measure distance?
Distance= velocity x time
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Which is not a stage in the pseudo random code?
Ground station plays the same code relative to its own clock time
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What is the speed of light and what travels at it?
186,000 m/sec and radio waves
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What is not a characteristic in the synchronising clock process?
GPS makes the recievers have atomic clocks by adding a 3rd satellites which creates a 3D dimension
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What is not a characteristic of the 4th satellite principle?
The 4th satellite changes the ground station time to an atomic clock
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What is known as a 'synthesis of data'?
GIS Data model
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What is the definition of spatial data models?
Is the analysing of spatial objects that are used in a spatial analyses and the identification of the relationships among these objects
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Which is incorrect as a spatial entity?
Points (raster)
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What is not a need for topology?
To study geometric characteristics of objects that do change under transformation, eg: bending and stretching
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Which is not a topological relationship?
Above
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What is not a feature of node lines?
Nodes are drawn on to form the line when the entity is drawn on by manual digitizing
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What does the arc node structure not do?
Treats each entity as unique and shows coordinates of each in a table
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What is correct about the differences between node polygons to node lines?
There is an extra table for the polygon topology as well as node and arc topology table and the arc coordinates
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What is not a characteristic of raster data?
Contains y and x coordinates
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What is a benefit of raster data?
Can change the resolution to fit purpose of display
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What sort of data can raster data not handle?
Networks
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What can vector data not handle?
Scanned Maps
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What is not a characteristic of data acquisition for GIS?
Analogue data can be inserted directly into a GIS system
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Where can you not get data from?
Wikipedia and other similar websites or on ArcGIS
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What is unusual about primary and secondary data?
Spatial and attribute data do not have to be one ind of data, one can be secondary whilst the other can be primary
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What is not a feature of primary spatial data?
You do not need a spatial referencing system
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What is the incorrect feature of LIDAR?
Uses heat waves (thermo detection)
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What is the incorrect feature of satellite data?
Use light as their way of receiving and transmitting waves
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What is the issue in these list of characteristics for keyboard entry?
Topological errors are identified but hard to eradicate and the scale of entry may differ
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What is not a stage in manual digitizing?
Creating buffers/unions/intersects ready for data analysis
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Which statement is incorrect about stream mode digitizing?
A point is made at each change in direction
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What statement is incorrect about the issues of stream mode digitizing?
Too many points district true line identity
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What statement is incorrect about OS MasterMap?
Made up of 5 layers
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Which statement is incorrect about the AA route planner?
Indicate speed limits
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Which statement is incorrect about what underpins all GIS analysis mathematical routes?
How long
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Which statement is incorrect about Boolean Operators?
Automatic spatial analysis is carried out by them once the relevant operators are produced
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Which element to SQL is incorrect?
(entity)
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Which statement is incorrect about reclassification?
The cells can be different in size, orientation and overlay
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What distance descriptions are used for buffers?
Isotrophic and Anistrophic
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What are the two integration methods of vector data?
Union and intersects
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Which statement is incorrect about describing union overlays?
Spatial and attribute data are separated from one another
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Which statement is incorrect about vector overlays?
Some junk data is lost so the output is simplified over the input
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What is it called when you collate all of the overlay data together?
Spatial multicriteria analysis
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Which statement is incorrect about map cartography?
Lots of key features that you need to stick to for every map
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What info is not abstracted from OS maps?
Environmental info
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Which statement is incorrect about base maps?
The first map produced when developing maps
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What do you not want to maintain accuracy in generalization and scale of a map?
Entities
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Which statement is incorrect about semiotics?
Symbols are not placed upon the base maps, but to the side
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Which is not a graphical variable for semiotics?
Pattern
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is geographic information devised of?

Back

Location, shape and descriptions

Card 3

Front

What does a spatial referencing system do and what are some examples?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the correct description for Britain's co-ordinates?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How are maps projected from a 3D plane to a 2D?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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