Lesson 1 - Introduction to Memory

?
  • Created by: Bethany
  • Created on: 05-10-20 09:30
Encoding
The format in which memories are stored, e.g. acoustic, semantic, visual
1 of 14
Baddeley (1966)
- Four groups (acoustically similar/dissimilar and semantically similar/dissimilar words)
-Tested immediately and a day later
- Acoustic recall was best in STM; semantic was best in LTM
- Baddeley concluded the STM encodes acoustically and LTM encodes sem
2 of 14
Capacity
How much information a memory store can hold
3 of 14
Joseph Jacobs (1887)
- Digit span of 9.3 and letter span of 7.3
- RM rules didn't exist so extraneous variables might not have been controlled
- Modern replication in lab conditions replicated findings
4 of 14
Extraneous variable
A variable which might bias the relationship between the IV and DV, e.g. age, noise, time of day, lighting
5 of 14
Confounding variable
An uncontrolled extraneous variable which confounds results
6 of 14
Miller's Magic number 7 (1956)
STM capacity is 7±2 (5-9)
7 of 14
Chunking
Grouping individual items to become one item for the STM to hold so we can remember more, e.g. phone numbers
8 of 14
LTM Capacity
Potentially limitless
9 of 14
Peterson and Peterson (1959)
- Nonsense trigram followed by counting -3 for time intervals 1,3,6,9,12,15s
- Concluded duration of STM is 18-30s
10 of 14
Ecological Validity
The extent to which the methodology of a study reflects the real world experience of that phenomenon
11 of 14
Bahrick et al (1975)
(Yearbook study)
- 392 pps aged 17-74 asked to free recall year group then given yearbook as prompt
- Pps tested within 15yr leaving high school = 90% accuracy in photo recognition; 60% free recall
- Pps leaving after 48yr = 70% photo accuracy; 30% free recall
- LTM durat
12 of 14
STM Summary
- 18-30s duration
- Limited capacity of 7±2 or 7.3 & 9.3
- The info currently being processed/what we're focused on
- Encodes acoustically
13 of 14
LTM Summary
- Potentially lifelong duration
- Potentially unlimited capacity
- What we remember 30+ seconds ago (facts, events, language etc)
- Encodes semantically
14 of 14

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

- Four groups (acoustically similar/dissimilar and semantically similar/dissimilar words)
-Tested immediately and a day later
- Acoustic recall was best in STM; semantic was best in LTM
- Baddeley concluded the STM encodes acoustically and LTM encodes sem

Back

Baddeley (1966)

Card 3

Front

How much information a memory store can hold

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

- Digit span of 9.3 and letter span of 7.3
- RM rules didn't exist so extraneous variables might not have been controlled
- Modern replication in lab conditions replicated findings

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A variable which might bias the relationship between the IV and DV, e.g. age, noise, time of day, lighting

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Memory resources »