Particular groups of chemicals that are found in living organisms
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Covalent Bonding
atoms that share a pair of electrons in their outer shells. As a result the outer shell of both otomsis filled and a more stable compound called a molecule is formed
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Ionic Bonding
Ions with opposite charge attract one another. This electrostatic attraction is known as an ionic bond. Na+ and Cl- combine an ionic bond to form NaCl sodium chloride. Ionic bonds are weaker thn covalent bonds.
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Hydrogen bonding
the electrons within a molecule are not evenly distributed but tend to spend more time at one position. This region is more negatively charged than the rest of the molecule
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Monomer
These are linked together to form long chains
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Polymer
Long chain of a monomer sub unit
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Polymerisation
The process by which a number of monomers become a polymer
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2 Examples of industrially produced polymers
Polythene and Polyester
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3 Examples of polymers naturally mad by organisms
Polysaccharides, Polypeptides and polynucleotides
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The sub unit of a polysaccaride
monosaccaride or single sugar
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Condensation reaction
reactions that produce molecules of water
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2 examples of condensation reactions
1. Formation of a polypeptide from amino acids 2. The formation of the polysaccharide starch from th monosaccharide gluecose
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Type of reaction that breaks down polymers through the addition of water
Hydrolsis
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Metabolism
All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms are collectively called metabolism
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How many particles are there in one mole
The same number of particles as
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Avogadro's constant
6.022 x 10^23
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What is a molar solution
a solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution. A mole is the molecular mass (milecular weight) expressed as grams = one gram of molecular mass
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Atom
Is the smallest units of a chemical element that can exist independently
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Neutron
Occurs in the nucleus of an atom and have the same mass as protons but no electrical charge
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Protons
Occur in the nucleus of an atom and has the same mass as a neutron but do have a positive charge
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Electron
Orbits the shell around the nucleus. Their mass is so small their contribution to the overall mass is negligible . They are negatively charged and their number determinte the chemical properties of the atom
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Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
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Mass number
total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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Isotope
An atom with a varying number of neutrons, they have the same chemical properties but differ in mass
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Name one of the uses of isotopes
Tracing the route of certain elements in biological processes and for dating fossils
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How does an atom become an ion
If it losses or receives and electron
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If it losses an electron...
its becomes a positive ion, e.g. H+
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If it gains an electron...
it becomes a negative ion, e.g. Cl-
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
atoms that share a pair of electrons in their outer shells. As a result the outer shell of both otomsis filled and a more stable compound called a molecule is formed
Back
Covalent Bonding
Card 3
Front
Ions with opposite charge attract one another. This electrostatic attraction is known as an ionic bond. Na+ and Cl- combine an ionic bond to form NaCl sodium chloride. Ionic bonds are weaker thn covalent bonds.
Back
Card 4
Front
the electrons within a molecule are not evenly distributed but tend to spend more time at one position. This region is more negatively charged than the rest of the molecule
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