Description of how two people interact - infant and mother respond to each other's signals and each elicits a response
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What did Brazleton et al. describe the reciprocity action as?
A dance - in a couple, each person responds to the others' moves
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What is interactional synchrony?
Mother and infant reflect both the actions and emotions of the other and do this in a synchronised way
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What did Meltzoff and Moore do?
Observed the beginnings of interactional synchrony in 2 week old babies - adult displayed one of three facial expressions or distinctive gestures - child's response filmed and identified, association found
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What did Isabella et al. find?
High levels of synchrony were associated with better mother-infant attachment
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Why is it hard to know what is happening when observing infants?
Only hand movements or facial expressions are being measured - babies do these all the time, not necessarily as imitation of adults. So behaviours might not have special meaning
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Why are controlled observations good?
They capture fine detail - both mother and infant filmed, often from multiple angles. Babies don't know or care that they're being observed, no DC. So good validity
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What did Grossman find out about the role of the father?
In a longitudinal study, he looked at both parents' behaviour and its relationship to quality of attachments into teens. Related with mothers, not fathers - less important, but maybe play mates instead?
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What evidence is there that when fathers do take on the role of caregiver they adopt behaviours more typical of mothers?
4 month old babies in face to face interaction with primary caregiver mothers, secondary caregiver fathers and primary caregiver fathers. Primary fathers responsive - can be the more nurturing attachment figure
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Why don't fathers generally become primary attachments?
Economic reasons, e.g. breadwinner, traditional gender roles, female hormones more nurturing (oestrogen), so pre-disposed
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If fathers have a distinct role why aren't children without fathers different?
Grossman found fathers had important role in children's development, but other studies have found that children growing up in single or same-sex parent families don't develop any differently - not important?
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Why are their inconsistent findings on fathers?
Different researchers interested in different research questions - some interested in role of father as primary attachment figure, some as secondary. Psychologists can't answer the simple question
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did Brazleton et al. describe the reciprocity action as?
Back
A dance - in a couple, each person responds to the others' moves
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