Young males listen to adult males song and develop the local dialect.
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What is the evidence the Ontogeny involved in bird song?
The twittering dialect of hand reared sparrows that were isolated from bird song did not mimic the localised song. When exposed to a tape of localised dialect they started singing on schedule and began mimicking the local dialect.
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How do birds duplicate songs?
Acoustic information acquired matches to own incomplete song. Deafened birds are unable to duplicate songs, as hearing oneself is critical development.
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What is the process for learning bird song?
An immature brain is restricted to learning one type of song. This incomplete “plastic song” is accessed, sang and compared to memory, which shapes it. This song is matched to the memory and crystallises. the bird then continues singing the song.
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What is the Causation of bird song?
When a bird hears a song sensory signals are generated by acoustic receptors. This is relayed to the song centre which activates the activity of genes in responding cells allowing the modified control system to do things it couldn’t before.
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What gene contributes to the Neuronal changes that allows bird song?
ZENK
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What is the ZENK protein?
A transcription factor which determines whether information of one or more genes is expressed and to what extent.
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What does the ZENK protein influence?
How one nerve cell communicates with another.
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What are the Costs of Bird Song?
Time, Energy and Required Specialised Neural Systems.
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What are the Benefits of Bird Song?
Fine tuned songs allow for effective transmission in habitats. As well as this by mating songs to social environments, birds are able to demonstrate their level of competitiveness.
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What is the Phylogeny of Bird Song?
Complex proximate causes of bird song must have evolved. Song learning only occurs in 3 of the 23 avian orders.
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If birds fine tune a song to a local social environment what should they do?
younger males that match their songs.
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What underlying traits could song complexity signal?
Males health, ability to divide natal care, well adapted to natal area and an honest signal of developmental health.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the evidence the Ontogeny involved in bird song?
Back
The twittering dialect of hand reared sparrows that were isolated from bird song did not mimic the localised song. When exposed to a tape of localised dialect they started singing on schedule and began mimicking the local dialect.
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