Institutional aggression in prisons

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What does Paterline and peterson (1999) arugue is the root cause of prison aggression?
The argue that agression is the product of a product of the stressful and oppressive conditions of prisons themselves
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What is Paterline and Petersons's (1999) argument comonly known as?
the deprivation model
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What does Sykes (1958) cite as the main deprivations that lead to prison aggression?
Loss of liberty, loss of autonomy and loss of security
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What two ways does Sykes (1958) theorize that prisoners cope with the deprivations of the prison system?
1. Choose to withdraw and seclude themselves in their living quaters or 2. they may choose to rebel through violence agains the staff and other inmates
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According to Sykes (1958) theory violence in prisons is determined by what?
prison specific conditions
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What did Kimmet and Martin (2002) find in their survey of violent inmates in 200 prisons?
they found the most common answers cited that violence was a way of avoiding exploitation
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Kimmet and Martin (2002) also found that most cases of prison violence occured over non material entities. what did they cite as the most common of these?
Respect, fairness, loyalty and honor
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What does Cooke (2008) argue?
to understand institutional aggression we need to understand the specific context in which it arises
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Which are the main circumstances that have been identified as heavy influences on prison aggression?
Overcrowding, heat and noise and job burnout
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how does the 2014 Ministry of Justice report support the role of overcrowding as a contributing circumstance in prison violence?
the report attributed the gowth in scuides, assults and murder rates to the growing overcrowding of British Prisons
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how does Yuma (2010) support the role of overcrowding as a contributing circumstance in prison violence?
Yuma (2010) found a significant link between prison population and murder rates even when controling for other possible contributong factors
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What evidnece is there to support the argunment that greater heat and noise pridisoposes inmates to violence?
Griffitt Veitch (1971) found that in a study of students a componation of hihg population desity along with heat and noise caused signifcantly more negetive emotions than just high population density
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What is job burnout?
being psychologicaly exhausted from a job and the gradual loss of caring about the people with which one works
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How does Maslch et al (2001) suggest Job burnout contributes to prison aggression?
it can be a key cause of the deterioration of relationships between inmates and a reduced level of functioning in the prison
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E1 which psychologists found reaserch support for the deprivation model?
McCorkle et al (1995) and Franklin (2006)
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what did McCorkle et al (1995) find in their study of 371 prisons?
that situational factors such as deprivation of privicy and lack o meaningful activity contributed to peer to peer assults as well asattacks on staff
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What did Franklin (2006) find to support the deprivation model?
In a meta analasis of prison violence studies Franklin (2006) found a correlation between overcrowding and violence among young men (18-25)
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E2: Which study provides the most comprahensive challenge to the deprivation model?
Harer and Stefenmeier (1996) collected data on situationa and dispositional factors from 24,000 inmates in 58 prisons across the US with the aim of determining individual likelyhood of prison violence
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E2: What did Harer and Steffensmeier (1996) conclude from their study?
That race, age and criminal history were more significant predictors of prison aggression than any situational factors
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E3: what real world applications has the deprivation model provided?
David Wilson, governer of HMP Woodhill, siugh to reduce the effects of noise, heat and overcrowding in the early 1990s
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E3: How did David Wilson reduce overcrowding?
by setting up two units for violent prisoners and were less claustophobic and gave a view of the outside
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E3: How did David Wilson reduce noise?
prison noises were masked with music from the local radio station
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E3: How did David Wilson reduce heat?
tempratures were kept cool through central heating system.
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E3: Was Wilson sucsessful?
yes, these mesures virtually eradicated assults on staff and other inmates
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What did Irwin and Cressy (1962) beleive was the root cause of prison aggression?
the violent pasts of the prisoners themselves, as many prisoners are drawn from environments were toughness is an essential survival skill
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What is the "code of the streets" and how does it impact prison violence?
It describes a set of iformal rules that govern interpersonal public behaviour of many criminals. this preexistiong normative system is imported into the prison system
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Why is the "code of the streets" a significant cause of violence?
at the heart of it is the issue of honor and respect which has to be earned and respected, sometimes through violence
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What did Allener and Marcell (2003) reveal about pre-prison gang membership?
street gang memebers offend at higher levels than their non gang counterparts
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What did Drury and DeLisi (2011) reveal about pre-prison gang membership?
It was a heavy influnce on the severity of the violence. pre-prison gang members are more likely to commit mureder, hostages and assult with a deadly weapon
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Which other dispositional charecteristics did Wang and Diamond (1999) find contributed more to prison aggression than race?
Anger, antisocial personality style and impulsivity
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DeLisi et al (2003) found what other dispostional charecteristc to be relevent?
Low self control
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E4: How does Mears (2013) support the importation model?
by measuring The Code of the Streets against inmate expericne and found that it was a signifcant factor
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E4: Who does Mears (2013) argue that cultural beleif systems effects most?
Inmates with few family connections and heavy gang involvment
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E4: How did Poole and Regoli support the importation model?
they domonstrated that preinstitutional violence was the biggest predictor of institutional violence for juvinile offenders
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E5: how did DeLisi chllenge the influence of pre-prison gang membership as a predictor of violence?
He demonstrated that gangmemebers were no more or less violent than non gang members
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How can DeLisi's finding's be explained?
gang members are usually isolated from the rest of
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How does Fishcher (2001) demonstrate the effective use of isolation of violent gang members?
He demonstrated areduction in over all violence of 50%
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Paterline and Petersons's (1999) argument comonly known as?

Back

the deprivation model

Card 3

Front

What does Sykes (1958) cite as the main deprivations that lead to prison aggression?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What two ways does Sykes (1958) theorize that prisoners cope with the deprivations of the prison system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

According to Sykes (1958) theory violence in prisons is determined by what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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