INHERITANCE 2

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  • Created by: Georgia
  • Created on: 23-10-13 19:29
What do genes do?
Code for a particular protein
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How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
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Explain what happens to the chromosomes during interphase?
DNA replicates to form 2 identical strands, held together at the centromere. Each new strand of DNA coils up- becoming shorter and thicker. The coiled strands coil themselves- Supercoiling- chromosomes become much shorter and dense.
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What happens during mitosis?
The chromatids are pulled apart from each other and each chromatid goes into a daughter cell. Each chromatid is now called a chromosome.
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What is the end result of fertilization called?
Zygote
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What happens to chromosomes as cells divide?
The chromosomes also divide.
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How many chromosomes do sperm and ova contain?
Sperm-23. Ova-23.
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When are gametes formed?
Meiosis
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What happens to the chromosome number during Meiosis?
It's halved.
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What do you call the 22 chromosomes which are the same shape?
Autosomes
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1 of the chromosomes can be X or Y. What is this called?
Sex chromosome
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What happens to chromosomes just before the cell divides?
They condense and the DNA replicates
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What do you call the different forms a gene can take?
Alleles
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What are alleles contained in cells called?
Genotype
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What do you call alleles which are the same?
Homozygous
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What do you call alleles which are different?
Heterozygous
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What are offspring known as in a genetic cross?
F1 generation
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If offspring are bred together, what are they known as?
F2 generation
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If you see the ratio- 1:2:1 What does it mean?
Codominance
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What is codominance?
When 2 or more alleles do not show complete dominance or recessiveness. The alleles both have an effect on the phenotype.
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How many copies of each gene does an individual have?
2
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How many alleles of each gene?
2
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How many alleles may a gene have in a population?
More than 2
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How many copies of each gene do females have on the X chromosome?
2 copies. They are diploid
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How many copies of each gene do males have on the Y chromosome?
1 copy. They are haploid.
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The inheritance of these genes is different for males and females. What is this called?
Sex linked characteristics
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Who do males inherit and pass their chromosomes from/onto?
Inherit them from their mothers and pass them to their daughters
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

Back

46

Card 3

Front

Explain what happens to the chromosomes during interphase?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens during mitosis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the end result of fertilization called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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