inheritance definitions

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  • Created by: courteny
  • Created on: 13-03-17 09:52
Gene
A sequence of DNA that codes for a polypeptide and which occupies a specific locus on a chromosome.
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allele
A variant nucleotide sequence for a particular gene at a givne locus, which codes for an altered phentoype.
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phenotype
can be described as the appearance, but also includes things such as blood group. so it described as the expression of the genotype in a specfic environment.
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genotype
the gentoype of an individual is all the alleles that they contain.
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heterzygous
alleles of a particular gene are different in the homologous chromosomes
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homozygous
when the alleles of a particular gene are the same in both parents
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dominant
an allele is described as dominant if it always expressed when present
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recessive
an allele is described as recessive if it is only expressed when it is homozygous
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monohybrid inheritance
the inheritance of a single gene, such as that controlling height or seed colour
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dihybrid inheritance
the simultaneous inhertiance of two unlinked genes i.e genes on different chromosomes. e.g mendels experiment involving the shape and colour of seeds.
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co-dominance
both alleles in a heterozygote are expressed individually. heterzygote has a combination of both the homozygotes characterstics.
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incomplete dominance
when the phenotypes of the heterozygote is an intermediate between the two parental phenotypes. e.g red and white carnation cross results in pink carnations.
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mendels first law of inheritance
the law of segregation; during gamete formation each member of the allelic pair separates from the other member to form the genetic constitution of the gamete
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mendels second law of inheritance
each member of a pair of alleles may combine randomly with either of another pair on a different chromosome.
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linked
description of genes that are on the same chromosome and therfore do not segregate independently at meiosis.
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carrier
a phenotypically, normal female with one normal, dominant allele and one mutant, reccessive allele.
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sex linkage
a gene is carried by a sex chromosome so that a characteristic it encodes is predominately in one sex.
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polyploid
having more than two complete sets of chromosomes
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non disjunction
a faulty cell division in meiosis following which one of the daughter cells recieves two copied of a chromosome and the other receives none.
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carcinogen
an agent that causes cancer
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proto-oncogene
codes for a protein that contributes to cell divsion
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oncogene
a proto-oncogene with a mutation that results in cancer.
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epigenetics
the control of a gene expression by modifying DNA or histones, but not by affecting the DNA nucleotide sequence.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A variant nucleotide sequence for a particular gene at a givne locus, which codes for an altered phentoype.

Back

allele

Card 3

Front

can be described as the appearance, but also includes things such as blood group. so it described as the expression of the genotype in a specfic environment.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the gentoype of an individual is all the alleles that they contain.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

alleles of a particular gene are different in the homologous chromosomes

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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