Inferential Statistics and the Sign Test (RM VII)

Created by: asusre
Created on: 02-04-21 23:05

Why are inferential statistics used in psychological research?

Inferential statistics are used to judge the probability that the results of an experiment are significant/real, or due to chance.

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What does the significance level refer to?

The significance level is the level of probability that the results of a study are likely to have occured by chance.

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What significance levels are usually chosen?

P≤0.05 is usually chosen.
P≤0.01 is chosen to be extra sure, for example, when studying medications or when replicating a study.

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What variable does the level of measurement measure?

The level of measurement measures the dependent variable.

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What is nominal data?

Nominal data is the frequency of distinct categories.

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What measure of central tendency is used for nominal data?

The mode is used as it gives the most common frequency/most common category.

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What graph is used for nominal data?

A bar chart is used to because the bars do not touch (distinct categories).

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When is it appropriate to use the sign test?

When you are using nominal data,
you are using repeated measures design, and you are testing a difference between variables rather than an association.

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How do you find the observed value of S?

S = the number of participants with the least frequent sign (+ or -).

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What do you need to know to find the critical value?

You need to know the value of N, the significance level and whether the study used a directional (one-tailed) or non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis.

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How do you find the value of N?

N = the number of participants with signs
(+ and -).

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How can you tell when the results are significant?

Significance = S is the same or less than the critical value.

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How would you write a conclusion?

As the observed value of S ( ) is greater than/less than/equal to the critical value ( ), it is (not) significant at the (level of significance) level, the null hypothesis is rejected/accepted and it is concluded that... (reword experimental hypothesis)

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the significance level refer to?

Back

The significance level is the level of probability that the results of a study are likely to have occured by chance.

Card 3

Front

What significance levels are usually chosen?

Back

Card 4

Front

What variable does the level of measurement measure?

Back

Card 5

Front

What is nominal data?

Back

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Inferential Statistics and the Sign Test (RM VII)