Individual Differences

?
Thigpen & Cleckley, focus?
MPD
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Context?
No previous diagnostic criteria for MPD. Sceptical about whether even a real disorder.
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Aim?
To document the psychotherapeutic treatment of a 35yr old women who has history of severe & blinding headaches & blackouts & who in therapy appeared to have MPD.
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Research method?
Longitudinal case study
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Sample?
1 female 'Eve White', 25yrd old American, 4 yr old daughter
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x2 problems?
Researcher bias, only 1 case
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Upheld ethics?
All
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Broken?
Mental harm - experiencing childhood trauma
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High EV?
Interviews of family
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Low EV?
Using hipnosis o get info
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Griffiths, focus?
Gambling behaviour
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Background?
Illusion of control
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IV?
RG or NRG, thinking aloud or not
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DV?
total no. plays, total time spent playing, play rate, end stake, wins, wine rate for time, win rate for plays
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Hypothesis?
No significant difference between levels of skill shown by R & NRG fruit machine gamblers.
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Research method?
Field & Quasi experiment
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Experimental design?
Independent groups desiign
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Upheld ethics?
All
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Broken?
Mental harm - embarrassed /disturbed when heard their verbalisations
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x2 problems?
only 1 f RG, may miss info while observing
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Rosenhan, focus?
insanity/ mental illness
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Background?
Concerns over diagnostic system used by hospital staff to identify mental illness.
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Research method?
Field experiment & pp observation.
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Study 1 sample?
hospital staff & patients, 12 hospitals in USA across 5 states
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Study 2 sample?
staff at a large hospital in USA
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Conclusion?
R suggests we can't distinguish sane from insane in psychiatric hospitals.
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Upheld ethics?
Experiment 2 - Consent, Withdraw. Both - Debrief, Confidentiality.
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Broken?
Experiment 1 - Consent, withdraw, deception. Harm - physically abused, embarrassed
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High EV?
real hospitals, staff & patients.
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Low EV?
unusual to rate patients on likelihood of being fake
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x2 problems?
biased data collection from pseudo's, 1973 USA.
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Section C, main assumption?
Individuals differ in their behaviour & personal qualities so not everyone can be considered 'the average person'.
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Implication?
It's important to study differences between people rather than things that we all have in common.
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Similarity?
Griffiths & Rosenhan use field experiment.
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Difference?
G uses larger sample than TC
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Strength?
Allows psychologists to learn more about human behaviours because all behaviours, not just average ones, are studied.
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Strength?
Allows psychologists to measure differences between individuals in qualities such as ersonality, intelligence, memory etc.
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Weakness?
It creates divisions between people because individuals are identified (labelled) as being 'different'.
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Weakness?
Tachniques used to measure differences are not fully objective and therefore open to bias.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Context?

Back

No previous diagnostic criteria for MPD. Sceptical about whether even a real disorder.

Card 3

Front

Aim?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Research method?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Sample?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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