INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

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  • Created by: Katie
  • Created on: 10-05-13 17:56
Define 'deviation from social norms'.
A 'social deviant' goes against normal behaviour set out by society.
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Define 'failure to function adequately'.
When a person is not able to cope with day-to-day life.
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Define 'deviation from ideal mental health'.
Jahoda's characteristics about having perfect psychological well-being.
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What are Jahoda's characteristics?
Positive attitude to oneself, potential for growth and development, autonomy, resistance to stress, accurate perception of reality and environmental mastery.
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Explain 'bacterial infections and viruses'.
Infections and viruses caused by bacteria that can affect the brain.
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Explain 'brain damage'.
Damage and/or to the brain can affect the brain and abnormal behaviour.
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Explain 'biochemical factors'.
Damaga can lead to mental illness by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters and hormones.
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Explain 'genetic factors'.
The genes passed down to a person can affect the brain.
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Explain ECT.
It is used for drug-resistant depressive disorders to gain fast and short-term improvement. Electrodes are used to create mini-seizures to jumpstart the brain and resest neurotransmission.
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What are the strengths of ECT?
There is no evidence that ECT damages the brain. It generally has an immediate and positive effect in contrast to drug treatments taking a considerable amount of time for improvements to become noticeable.
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What are the weaknesses of ECT?
ECT is not fully understood how it works. There can be serious side effects when used on children, adolesccents, the elderly and pregnant women.
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Explain how drugs work.
The drug enters the bloodstream, it then travels to the brain where it affects the neurotransmitters in the brain.
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What are 'agonist drugs'?
They enhance cellular activity.
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What are 'antagonist drugs'?
The block cellular activity.
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What are the strengths of drugs?
They are cost-effective, readily available, easy to administer and are favoured by patients due to familiarity.
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What are the weaknesses of drugs?
They don't cure the disorder, they merely reduce the symptoms. They also can have severe side effects as they interfere with the brain functioning.
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Identify the three components of the psychodynamic approach to personality and describe them.
ID - instincts and basic drives towards sex and aggression (Pleasure). SUPEREGO - conscience and moral standards (Morality). EGO - balances ID and SUPEREGO, when balanced can't be acheived, abnormal behaviour results (REALITY)
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Identify the 5 psychosexual stages.
0-1 years - ORAL. 1-3 years - ANAL. 3-6 years - PHALLIC. 6-12 years - LATENCY. 12+ years - GENITAL
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What are the strengths of the psychodynamic approach?
Freud is so influential and the first to stress how the unconcious mind affects behaviour.
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What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach?
Mainly case studies are used which means the results cannot be generalised and attrition may occur. Freud also makes an over-emphasis on childhood and sex.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define 'failure to function adequately'.

Back

When a person is not able to cope with day-to-day life.

Card 3

Front

Define 'deviation from ideal mental health'.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are Jahoda's characteristics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain 'bacterial infections and viruses'.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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