Individual Differences - 1 - Flashcards in University Psychology

What is individual differences?

The way in which people vary

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What does individual differences focus on?

Personality and Intelligence

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What does idiographic research look at?

An individual person

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What is nomothetic research?

Looking at peoples behaviour to generalise laws

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What words best describe a clinical approach to personality?

Idiographic, systematic study, in depth look at individuals.

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What are some strengths of a clinical approach to personality?

Avoids artificial environments, in depth study

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What are some weaknesses of a clinical approach to personality?

Unsystematic observations, subjective interpretations

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What words best describe an experimental approach to personality?

Nomothetic, manipulate variables, cause and effect established

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What are some strengths for an experimental approach to personality?

Can manipulate certain variables, data recorded objectively, cause and effect established

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What are some weaknesses for an experimental approach to personality?

Excludes phenomenas that can't be studied, artificial settings used

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What words best describe a correlational approach to personality?

Idiographic and nomothetic, statistical measures used

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What are some strengths of a correlational approach to personality?

Study wide range of variables, study variables relationships

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What are some weaknesses of a correlational approach to personality?

Variables are not causal, self-reports used

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What was Abraham Maslow and what did he study?

Behaviourist who studied psychoanalysis

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What is the argument within the humanistic approach?

Determinism VS Free Will

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What is a main assumption of the humanistic approach?

Humans strive for healthy growth and development

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What is the correct order of Maslows hierarchy of needs? (bottom to top)

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualisation

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Self actualised people tend to be more...

Positive

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What percentage of people self actualised in America?

10%

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What is a strength of Maslows research?

It can be applied cross culturally

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What is a weakness of Maslows research?

It oversimplifies relationship between needs and behaviour

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What did Rogers develop?

Person Centered Therapy

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What did Rogers assume that was different from Maslow?

That self actualisation was the only positive motive for behaviour

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What do therapists offer within PCT?

Unconditional positive regard

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Individual Differences - 1

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