Improving working and living conditions [...] 3.7

This is for the Edexcel A-level Ireland course. (Incomplete - still working on it)

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How did industrialisation bring wealth mostly amongst business-owners?
Through an often exploited workforce
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What was the main issue many workers dealt with?
Long hours for minimum pay
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Why was there no chance of the workers' situation improving?
There was no comprehensive unionisation
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How were living conditions made worse?
Rapid migration to urban areas
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What was the population of Belfast in 1901?
349,000 (an increase of 249,000 since 1850)
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What was the population of Dublin at the start of the 19th century?
180,000
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What was the population of Dublin by 1900?
over 290,000
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3 impacts of rapid population increase in Ulster
1) Slums quickly developed 2) Disease became more common 3) It took longer for improvements to housing + sanitation to be facilitated to people
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In permanent employment, what was the average pay for an unskilled labourer?
10 shillings and 9 pence a week
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What type of employment did most unskilled workers have?
Casual employment - usually dockers or carters
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When could those in casual employment work?
Only when work was available
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How many hours did dockers in Belfast work per week?
75 hours
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In 1914, what was the average week of rent in Ireland?
4 shillings
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How many shillings would a family need to survive?
22 shillings
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But - how many shillings did the average unskilled labourer earn?
10 shillings
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Type of working conditions
Unsanitary, dangerous and not permanent
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Where/as what did women in Dublin often work as?
Domestic servants, worked in linen mills
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When was the legal age for children allowed to work raised to 12?
In 1901
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But how did people try to work being underage?
Certificates proving age were often forged to get work
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Their (poor) diet consisted of...
Tea, potatoes, bread, oats
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Effects of their poor diet
Made them malnourished and reduced life expectancy
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Male life-expectancy in 1900-02
49.3
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Female life-expectancy in 1900-02
49.6
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Belfast infant mortality in 1900
153 per 1,000 births
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Dublin infant mortality in 1900
169 per 1,000 births
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What had attracted large numbers of people to Dublin?
Guinness brewery, Jacobs and Dublin port
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What did multiple families have to do?
Share houses - even rooms
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Why did they have share living areas?
Dublin couldn’t improve and build facilities quickly enough
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How many families were living in 5,322 tenements (1914 survey conducted)
25,822 families were living in 5,322 tenements
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Of the 25,822 families how many families were living in the same room?
More than 20,000 families
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What did TJ Stafford (Medical Comissioner of Health) conclude?
½ of city’s population to be living in poverty and unhealthy
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What did their diet lack?
Necessary vitamins and minerals
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Conditions in tenements
Unpleasant, poor sanitation, difficult to maintain due to overpopulation
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Dublin mortality rate in 1905
22.3 per 1,000 people
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Glasgow mortality rate in 1905
17 per 1,000
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London mortality rate in 1905
15.6 per 1,000
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What was the most common cause of death?
Pulmonary tuberculosis
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What were the conditions of the workers primarily caused by?
Being unable to improve their position through effective action
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Why was it more difficult for casual employees?
They did not have the same protection as permanent workers
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Where was the NUDL founded?
Glasgow
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When was the NUDL founded?
1889
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Where did the NUDL relocate to?
Liverpool
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When did the union begin to start recruiting?
January 1907
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Which city overtook Dublin as the country's largest port?
Belfast
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Who was the driving force of the organisation?
Jim Larkin
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the main issue many workers dealt with?

Back

Long hours for minimum pay

Card 3

Front

Why was there no chance of the workers' situation improving?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How were living conditions made worse?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the population of Belfast in 1901?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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