Immunology Vocabulary 2

?
  • Created by: John
  • Created on: 16-03-13 12:29
affinity
A term derived from the Law of Mass Action. It expresses the strength of binding between reactants in a reversible reaction.
1 of 68
agglutination
The clumping of particulate antigens by antibody.
2 of 68
allotype
The protein product of an allele which may be detectable as antigen by another member of the same species.
3 of 68
antiglobulin test
A technique for detecting the presence of nonagglutinating antibody on the surface of a particle. This is also called a Coombs' test
4 of 68
antiserum
Serum containing specific antibodies.
5 of 68
avidity
The functional combining strength of an antibody with its antigen which is based on both affinity and valences of the antibody. Some authors use this term to describe the increased affinity that occurs as result of multiple antigen binding sites on a
6 of 68
BALT
Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue; part of MALT.
7 of 68
class
A general term referring to an isotype of antibody; determined by the constant domains of the heavy chain.
8 of 68
clonal selection
The process of lymphocyte selection and activation in which antigen stimulates only those cells with specific receptors for the antigen.
9 of 68
clone
A family of cells descended from one "parent" cell; all are genetically identical.
10 of 68
clonotype
A B or T cell of a single antigenic specificity.
11 of 68
constant region
The invariant parts of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.
12 of 68
cross-reactivity
The reaction of antibody with an unrelated antigen, caused by the antigens involved sharing epitopes in common.
13 of 68
cytophilic antibody
Immunoglobulin that has the ability to bind spontaneously to cellular Fc receptors.
14 of 68
domain
A discrete structural region within an immunoglobulin molecule; contains one disulfide bond and a distinct tertiary structure.
15 of 68
electrophoresis
The separation of the proteins in a complex mixture by subjecting them to an electrical potential.
16 of 68
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An immunologic test that uses enzyme-linked antiglobulins and substrate bounds to the walls of polystyrene wells.
17 of 68
epitope
An area on the surface of an antigenic molecule that stimulates a specific immune response and against which that response is directed. Synonymous with antigenic determinant.
18 of 68
exon
A segment of DNA that contains expressed genes.
19 of 68
F(ab')2
A fragment of immunoglobulin resulting from pepsin digestion; consists of N-terminal halves of heavy chains and whole light chains and a portion of the hinge region. The valence is 2.
20 of 68
Fab
Fragment of antibody. That part of the immunoglobulin consisting of the N-terminal half of the heavy chain and its associated light chain; results from papain digestion. The valence is 1.
21 of 68
FACS
Fluorescence activated cell sorter. Cells labeled with fluorochrome tagged antibodies are separated or identified by the fluorescent signature given when activated by the appropriate wavelength of light. Can be used for quantitative analysis or for p
22 of 68
Fc
Fragment crystallizable. That part of the immunoglobulin consisting of the C-terminal half of the heavy chains, containing the constant domains. This portion determines the isotype of the molecule.
23 of 68
fluorescence
The emission of low energy light at a higher wavelength when a substance is irradiated with high energy light of a lower wavelength.
24 of 68
GALT
Gut associated lymphoid tissue; part of MALT.
25 of 68
gel diffusion
An immunoprecipitation technique that involves letting the reactants meet and precipitate in a clear gel such as agar.
26 of 68
haplotype
The complete set of alleles at all loci within a gene complex on a single chromosome.
27 of 68
hapten
A small molecule that cannot initiate an immune response unless first bound to an immunogenic carrier molecule. However, once a response is initiated, a hapten can react specifically with its antibody.
28 of 68
heavy chain
The larger of the two types of chains making up an immunoglobulin molecule; consisting of one variable domain and three to four constant domains.
29 of 68
hemagglutination
The agglutination of red blood cells.
30 of 68
hemolysin
An antibody capable of bonding to red blood cells and causing their lysis by activation of complement.
31 of 68
hinge
The region between the first and second constant domains in an immunoglobulin molecule. This part allows flexibility between the Fab regions; it is also vulnerable to enzymatic attack.
32 of 68
hypervariable
Small segments with immunoglobulin variable regions where great variations in amino acid sequence occur.
33 of 68
idiotype
The antigenic characteristic of the variable region of an immunoglobulin.
34 of 68
immunodiffusion
Another name for the gel diffusion technique.
35 of 68
immunodominant
The epitope on a molecule that provokes the most intense immune response.
36 of 68
immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)
A procedure involving sequential electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation; it is used to identify the proteins in a complex solution such as serum.
37 of 68
immunofluorescence
Immunologic tests that make use of antibodies chemically conjugated with a fluorescent dye such as fluorescein isothiocyanate.
38 of 68
immunogenicity
The ability of a substance to elicit an immune response.
39 of 68
immunoperoxidase
Immunologic tests that make use of antibodies chemically conjugated with the enzyme peroxidase.
40 of 68
immunoprecipitation
The production of precipitate out of a clear solution by the combination of antigen and antibody.
41 of 68
incomplete antibody
An antibody that can bind to a particulate antigen but is incapable of causing its agglutination.
42 of 68
intron
A segment of DNA that is inserted between exons and that does not contain expressed genes. Introns are transcribed into RNA but are not translated into protein.
43 of 68
isotype
The types of immunoglobulin molecules common to all members of a species.
44 of 68
J chain
A short peptide that joins two monomeric units into polymeric immunoglobulins. light chain The smaller of the two types of immunoglobulin chains; consists of one variable domain and one constant domain.
45 of 68
MALT
Mucus associated lymphoid tissue.
46 of 68
monoclonal antibody
Immunoglobulin formed from a cloned population of cells.
47 of 68
monomer
One unit of immunoglobulin; consists of two light chains and two heavy chains.
48 of 68
neutralization
Blockage of the activity of an organism or a toxin by antibody.
49 of 68
opsonin
A substance that facilitates the phagocytosis of foreign particles.
50 of 68
paratope
The antigen binding site of an immunoglobulin.
51 of 68
passive agglutination
The agglutination of inert particles by antibody directed against antigen bound to their surface.
52 of 68
polymer
Multiple units of immunoglobulin to form a unique functional unit.
53 of 68
polymorphism
Inherited structural differences between proteins from allogeneic individuals. A form of allotypic variation.
54 of 68
private antigen
An epitope that is restricted to the product of a specific allele.
55 of 68
prozone
The inhibition of agglutination by the presence of high concentrations of antibody.
56 of 68
pseudogene
Genes that have a structure similar to those of other genes but which cannot be expressed.
57 of 68
public antigen
An epitope common to several distinct gene products.
58 of 68
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
An immunologic test that requires the use of an isotope-labeled reactant.
59 of 68
serology
The science of antibody detection.
60 of 68
somatic mutation
Gene rearrangements occurring in somatic cells rather than germline cells.
61 of 68
specificity
A term that describes the ability of a test to give true positive reactions.
62 of 68
splice
The joining of two DNA or RNA segments together.
63 of 68
subclass
Now synonymous with isotype. Subdivisions of the immunoglobulin classes.
64 of 68
Svedburg unit (S)
A measure of the sedimentation velocity of a molecule. It is determined by several factors, including molecular weight.
65 of 68
titer
The reciprocal of the highest dilution of a serum that gives a reaction in an immunological test.
66 of 68
titration
The measurement of the level of specific antibodies on a serum by testing increasing dilutions of the serum for antibody activity.
67 of 68
variable region
That part of the immunoglobulin peptide chains where the amino acid sequence shows significant variation between molecules.
68 of 68

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

agglutination

Back

The clumping of particulate antigens by antibody.

Card 3

Front

allotype

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

antiglobulin test

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

antiserum

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar All resources:

See all All resources »