Basic Immunology Vocabulary

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  • Created by: John
  • Created on: 16-03-13 11:39
activated macrophage
A macrophage in a state of enhanced metabolic activity; a "super phagocyte".
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antibody (Ab)
Protein molecule that is synthesized on exposure to antigen and that combines specifically with that antigen.
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antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
A cytotoxic reaction in which killer cells recognize target cells via specific antibodies
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antigen (Ag)
A molecule which induces the formation of antibody.
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antigen presenting cell (APC)
A cell which carries antigen in a form that can stimulate lymphocytes. Macrophage are the most common APCs.
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antiserum
Serum containing specific antibodies.
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antitoxin
Antibodies specific for a toxin.
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azurophilic granules [a.k.a. primary granules]
Granules in neutrophils which contain acid hydrolases, myeloperoxidase, and lysozyme. (See also specific granules.)
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B cell
A lymphocyte educated in the bursal equivalent; makes antibody when stimulated.
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basophil
A granulocyte with deep violet or blue-black staining granules.
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buffy coat
The layer of white blood cells immediately above the red blood cells in a tube of blood following centrifugation.
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bursa of Fabricius
The hindgut organ located in the cloaca of birds that controls the ontogeny of B cells.
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cell mediated immunity (CMI)
Immunity in which the participation of lymphocytes and macrophage is predominant
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complement (C')
A complex linked enzyme system that is activated by such factors as the combination of antigen and antibody and that results in a variety of biological responses.
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cortex
The outer part; applies to the thymus and lymph node.
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diapedesis
The emigration of cells from blood vessels.
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endogenous pyrogen
A factor released by leukocytes which produces fever.
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eosinophil
A granulocyte with pink to red staining granules.
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germinal center
A clonal expansion of an activated B cell seen within a secondary follicle.
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granulocyte
A leukocyte with large numbers of cytoplasmic granules and a multi-lobed nucleus. The include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
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high endothelial venule (HEV)
A specialized region in the post capillary venule which contains specific ligand receptors that are recognized by circulating lymphocytes; once bound, the lymphocytes are transported through the cells into the lymph node.
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histamine
A vasoactive agent released by basophils, mast cells, and platelets.
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humoral immunity
Immunity in which antibody plays the significant role.
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immune surveillance
The concept that lymphocytes survey the body for abnormal cells and foreign invaders and then eliminate them.
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immunity
The state of resistance to an infection.
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immunoglobulin (Ig)
A glycoprotein composed of H and L chains that functions as antibody. All antibodies are immunoglobulins; the converse may or may not be true.
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interdigitating cell (IDC)
A specialized cell with long dentritic processes which functions as an APC; found associated with T cells in the lymph node.
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interferon (IFN)
A heterogeneous group of low molecular weight proteins released by virus infected cells which protect non-infected cells.
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killer (K) cell [An old term]
A natural killer cell responsible for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
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Kuppfer cell
A specialized macrophage found in the liver; acts as part of the RES.
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lactoferrin
An iron-containing compound that exerts antimicrobial action by binding iron necessary for microbial growth.
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Langerhans cell
A specialized antigen presenting cell with characteristic tennis racket shaped granules; found in the epidermis.
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leukocyte
A white blood cell. This general term covers all the nucleated cells of mammalian blood.
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lymph node
Secondary lymphoid organ; major filtering organ for interstitial fluid and lymph; site of immune response to antigens isolated and processed.
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lymphocyte
A mononuclear cell with a round nucleus containing densely packed chromatin. Most have very little cytoplasm.
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lymphoid
Pertaining to lymphocytes and their ontogeny
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lymphokines
Soluble products of lymphocytes that are responsible for the multiple effects of a cellular immune response.
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lysozyme [a.k.a. muramidase]
The cationic low-molecular weight enzyme present in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions that reduces the local concentration of susceptible bacteria by attacking the mucopeptides of their cell walls.
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macrophage (Mf)
A phagocytic mononuclear cell derived from monocytes; serves accessory roles in cellular immunity.
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MALT
Mucus associated lymphoid tissue.
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medulla
The inner part; applies to the thymus and lymph node.
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medullary cords
Found in lymph nodes; provide anchorage for macrophage and plasma cells.
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monocyte (MO)
A phagocytic mononuclear cell derived from myeloid stem cells; found in circulating peripheral blood.
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monokines
Soluble products of monocytes and macrophage that are involved in multiple effects of the immune response.
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myeloid
Pertaining to granulocytes and monocytes and their ontogeny. Also included are megakaryocytes and platelets.
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natural antibody
An antibody found in serum in the absence of apparent antigenic stimulation.
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natural killer (NK) cell
A null cell capable of killing tumor cells and virus infected cells.
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neutrophil
A phagocytic granulocyte with a prominent multi-lobed nucleus; usually the first cell type responding to injury or infection.
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null cell
A lymphocyte lacking any markers specific for T cells or for B cells.
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periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
Found in spleen; organized clusters of B cells in follicles surrounded by T cells and macrophage which occur in association which splenic arterioles.
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Peyers patch
A specialized aggregate of lymphocytes and M-cells in the gut; the major part of GALT (gut MALT).
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phagocyte
A cell which eats.
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phagocytosis
The act of eating; refers to the ingestion of particulate matter.
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phagosome
A vacuole in the cytoplasm containing the engulfed meal.
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pinocytosis
The act of drinking; refers to the ingestion of soluble matter.
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plasma
The fluid phase of blood containing full range of circulating proteins, including clotting factors and fibrin.
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plasma cell
An end-stage cell of B cell lineage which makes and actively secretes antibody.
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polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)
A neutrophil.
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post capillary venule (PCV)
A region of blood vessels in the lymph node which may contain HEV, allowing lymphocytes to pass through.
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primary follicle
An organized cluster of B cells found in various lymphoid tissues and organs, such as lymph node, PALS, and MALT.
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pyrogen
A substance which causes fever; may be endogenous or exogenous.
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red pulp
Part of the spleen; contains resident macrophage which phagocytize effete red blood cells and particulates found in the blood as it filters through the sinuses.
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respiratory burst
The increase of metabolic activity that takes place in phagocytic cells at the time of ingestion; highly reactive microbicidal agents are produced which are released into the phagosome.
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reticuloendothelial system (RES)
A mononuclear phagocytic system located primarily in the reticular connective tissue framework of the spleen, liver, and lymphoid tissues.
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rosettes
Structures formed by several red blood cells binding to the surface of another cell in suspension.
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secondary follicle
A follicle containing a germinal center
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serum
The fluid phase of blood containing all circulating proteins except those involved in clotting.
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specific granules [a.k.a. secondary granules]
Granules found in neutrophils which contain lactoferrin and some lysozyme.
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spleen
Secondary lymphoid organ; filters particulates and antigens from blood as part of the reticuloendothelial system.
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stem cells
Primary bone marrow cells giving rise to more differentiated cell types.
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T cell
A lymphocyte educated in the thymus; involved in cellular immunity and in regulating all immune responses, both humoral and cellular.
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thoracic duct
Final lymphatic collecting vessel which empties into the left subclavian vein
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thymus
The central lymphoid organ that is located in the thorax which controls the ontogeny of T cells.
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transferrin
A protein which sequesters iron, thereby inhibiting microbial growth.
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tumor necrosis factors (TNF)
Products of lymphocytes and macrophage that can exert a direct toxic effect on neoplastic cells.
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vaccination
The administration of an antigen (vaccine) to stimulate an immune response.
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vaccine
A suspension of living or dead organisms, or inactivated toxins, or specific proteins used as antigen to stimulate immunity to a pathogen.
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virulence
The ability of an organism to cause disease.
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white blood cells
The nucleated cells found in blood.
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white pulp
Part of spleen; see periarteriolar lymphoid sheath.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Protein molecule that is synthesized on exposure to antigen and that combines specifically with that antigen.

Back

antibody (Ab)

Card 3

Front

A cytotoxic reaction in which killer cells recognize target cells via specific antibodies

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A molecule which induces the formation of antibody.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A cell which carries antigen in a form that can stimulate lymphocytes. Macrophage are the most common APCs.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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