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6. Which of the following cell sare recognised as being largely responsible for allergies?

  • B cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
  • Th2 cells
  • Plasma Cells

7. Which of the following are changes seen in the asthmatic lung?

  • Thickening of the lamina reticularis with collagen
  • Thinning of the lamina reticularis
  • Thickening of the lamina propria with elastin
  • Thickening of the basal lamina with smooth muscle

8. True or false: there is a recognised genetic compnent to allergy?

  • True
  • Don't Stop Me Now
  • False
  • Pass

9. What are the main interleukins, secreted from activated Th2 cells, which promote class switch to IgE?

  • IL-3 & IL-19
  • IL-5 & IL-9
  • IL-4 & IL-13
  • IL-2 & IL-23

10. Once mast cells are activated, how long does it take for them to release their pre-formed mediators?

  • 2-5 minutes
  • 0-1 minutes
  • 1-2 minutes
  • 5-10 minutes

11. How many granules and how much histamine is stored within the average mast cell?

  • 1000 granules, 3-4mcg of histamine
  • 1000 granules, 3-4pg of histamine
  • 100 granules, 3-4pg of histamine
  • 100 granules, 3-4mcg of histamine

12. In a normal healthy individual, approximately how much IgE is present comparative to the total amount of immunoglobulin?

  • 0.1%
  • 1%
  • 10%
  • 0.01%

13. True or false: due to it's potency, histamine is rapidly metabolized by enzymes?

  • Seven Seas of Rhye
  • False
  • True
  • Pass

14. True or false: the incidence of allergy is increasing?

  • Bohemian Rhapsody
  • True
  • Pass
  • False

15. What is the role of Dendritic cells?

  • To recognise and engulf 'non-self', and to present it in conjunction with MHC II
  • To recognise and phagocytose non-self', and to present the products to leukotrienes
  • To recognise and engulf 'non-self', and to present it in conjunction with MHC I
  • To recognise and phagocytose 'non-self' before it gets further into the body

16. Identify the correct actions of histamine from the list below.

  • Secretes proteoglycans and TNF-alpha
  • Synthesizes lipid mediators using chymase enzymes
  • Increases capillary permability & smooth muscle constriction leads to leukocyte & antibody recruitment into the tissues
  • Binds to proteoglycans to release IL-4 & IL-13

17. Which enzyme converts Arachidonic Acid into Prostaglandins?

  • LTB-4
  • Cyclo-oxygenase
  • 5-Lipoxygenase
  • 5-Dehydroxykinase

18. Complete the sentence: allergens are typically...

  • Glycolipids
  • Proteins
  • Explosive
  • Cool

19. True or flase: stimulation of the immune system by bacteria and viruses has no effect in protecting against developing allergies?

  • Another One Bites The Dust
  • False
  • Pass
  • True

20. Which of the following can help to protect against the Th2 phenotype?

  • Washing hair at least once a day with shampoo
  • Staying away from mud and dirt
  • Having older siblings
  • Washing at least once a day with soap