Immunology L1

?
Define pathogen.
A disease causing organism or virus.
1 of 22
Name 5 pathogens in size order.
Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, helminths.
2 of 22
Protozoa and fungi are both...
...eukaryotic.
3 of 22
Innate immunity recognises pathogen associated molecules but adaptive immunity...
... is specific for an antigen.
4 of 22
Which is the oldest form of immunity?
Innate.
5 of 22
Which branch of immunity are you born with and which branch do you acquire?
Innate = born with, adaptive = acquired by experience.
6 of 22
Even though innate immunity is immediate it is limited because...
...the response is always the same with each pathogen.
7 of 22
When did the adaptive immunity evolve?
Early in vertebrate evolution.
8 of 22
What is the difference between the first and second exposure to the same pathogen within the adaptive response?
The first exposure has a lag period of around 4-5 days. The second exposure is more rapid and of a greater amplitude.
9 of 22
Define antigen.
A non self molecular configuration. This is a general term that may be referring to part of a single foreign particle OR a molecule as part of a large, complex structure.
10 of 22
Do lymphocytes recognise whole antgiens?
NO - they recognise small non-self molecular portions of antigens known as EPITOPES.
11 of 22
What is an epitope?
A non self molecular portion of an antigen.
12 of 22
Lymphocytes are specific for...
...just ONE antigenic epitope.
13 of 22
What do lymphocytes have that allow them to recognise eptiopes?
Protein surface receptors (T cell receptor and B cell receptor).
14 of 22
When you first become infected, what do you SELECT for?
The lymphocytes specific to that particular antigen.
15 of 22
Outline what happens when you select for a particular lymphocyte (e.g. lymphocyte A)..
You start with a low frequency of lymphocyte A but a higher frequency is achieved through CLONAL EXPANSION. This in turn leads to the production of appropriate EFFECTOR CELLS to deal with the antigen. After this, long-lived MEMORY CELLS are produced.
16 of 22
What do MEMORY CELLS do?
They ensure a more rapid response with the next exposure.
17 of 22
Which arm of immunity does VACCINATION harness?
The adaptive arm.
18 of 22
What purpose does VACCINATION serve?
It provides MEMORY CELLS that recognise antigens of a particular pathogen.
19 of 22
Are immunological dysfunctions inherited or acquired?
EITHER.
20 of 22
What is HYPERSENSITIVITY?
Where the body can't distinguish between HARMFUL foreign objects and INNOCUOUS (not harmful) foreign objects.
21 of 22
Give 2 examples of undesirable immunity.
TRANSPLANT REJECTION and AUTOIMMUNITY (self vs. self).
22 of 22

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name 5 pathogens in size order.

Back

Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, helminths.

Card 3

Front

Protozoa and fungi are both...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Innate immunity recognises pathogen associated molecules but adaptive immunity...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Which is the oldest form of immunity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Immunology resources »