Iliad Secondary Sources

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  • Created by: Robin2002
  • Created on: 14-01-19 08:41
Barker - political dissent
Calling an assembly is unusual as world run by limited group. Achilles gives protection to those who speak out against authority as he is a powerful figure. Agamemnon views dissent as a challenge to his power.
1 of 21
Graziosi - love and gender roles
Hector and Andromache have an unusual relationship compared to the norm in Homeric society. Creates sympathy and shows the effect of war. Shows Hector's character.
2 of 21
West - Homeric similes
Warriors described as lions, most often Greek warriors even in retreat. We feel admiration for the lion however we know that for the good of the community it has to die, we feel sympathetic. Anticipate defeat of the Trojans as they are shown as prey.
3 of 21
Martin - heroism
Achilles is shown as separate from other heroes. He has a “choice” in his fate and sees the futility of war. Hector also different as he has duties and fights for his people.
4 of 21
West - Homeric hospitality
Relationship created by hospitality is strong and important as it rests on foundations of well-understood conventions. Diomedes and Glaucus (B6) show that xenia is important enough to spare a life even if it was from generations ago
5 of 21
Greensmith - female empowerment
Homer subtly empowering women, holding up a mirror to society. Helen used by Priam to point out Greek soldiers, Andromache gives strategic advice to Hector even though women shouldn't be included in war, both go to wall showing they're not trapped.
6 of 21
Morwood - Nestor's advice
As a peacemaker (B1) he is ignored. (B9) He misses the point and sends the embassy instead of Agamemnon. Finest hour (B11) we see him in action saving Machaon and he sends Patroclus to his death which gets Achilles back in the war
7 of 21
Kirschner - war (comparison with Guernica)
Gods eye is a light showing he is not really there, Immortals are separate from mortals. In Homeric society war was a normal thing. There is no glory, only victims. Suffering of animals/innocents.
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Jones - similes
Over 300. Suffuses the poem with vividness and occur at moments of high emotion, create pathos and introduce peace into war (contrast). Adds significance to human life by comparing it to the natural world.
9 of 21
Jones - battles
Death nearly always comes after single blow, battlefield not littered with suffering. Small portraits of dead invoke personal worlds onto battlefield. Hit and run most common death/fighting technique, soldiers want to stay away from each other.
10 of 21
Allan - gods and mortals
Gods do not care for mortals but their honour is very important, they may decline prayer but love offerings, humans are not worth fighting over. Gods cannot be heroic as they cant experience loss or die, gods pity humans. “Double motivation”
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Wilcox - Achilles’ shield
Shield of contrast. It is the calm before impending doom. Pro-peace message that depicts life before/without war - things that cannot be when there is conflict.
12 of 21
Scumpham - animals (horses)
Symbols of heroic status due to price. Horses not just used for chariots, they have emotional bonds with humans.
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Osborne - Achilles’ loneliness
Iliad is about Achilles’ menis. Loss and loneliness dominate his life.
14 of 21
Parry - Helen’s view of the war
Guilt as people are dying for her, regrets previous actions. Hatred for Paris however she has no reason to be against Trojans, loves Menelaus but doesn't want Troy to fall. Priam and Hector blame Gods for the war, not Helen. Aphrodite overpowers her.
15 of 21
Haubold - audiences view of Hector
Appreciate his sense of duty and warm to him in B6 when we see Andromache and their son. Moved by his decision to die. Hector more ‘human’ than other characters, we sympathise with him because he sympathises with others. Isolated in death.
16 of 21
Silk - Homer’s characters
The most alien feature of Homer's people is that, in general, they seem to show no capacity for development, character is conceived as static.
17 of 21
Schein - heroism
The main difference between Hector and Achilles is that Hector is represented as quintessentially social and human while Achilles is inhumanly isolated and demonic in his greatness
18 of 21
Allan - heroism and honour
As with Hector, Agamemnon and Achilles’ portrayal throughout the poem explores the potential conflict within heroism between individual ambition and collective good, and the dangers of putting personal honour above all else
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Longley - war
In this frantically climactic episode (B22) Homer unobtrusively reminds us of what war destroys.
20 of 21
Taplin - similes
Bring vivid pictures of another world familiar to listeners/readers. Different from world they are compared to as much as they are similar to it; draw listener through lure of being familiar. Many belong to world of peace. Glimpse of peace in war.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Hector and Andromache have an unusual relationship compared to the norm in Homeric society. Creates sympathy and shows the effect of war. Shows Hector's character.

Back

Graziosi - love and gender roles

Card 3

Front

Warriors described as lions, most often Greek warriors even in retreat. We feel admiration for the lion however we know that for the good of the community it has to die, we feel sympathetic. Anticipate defeat of the Trojans as they are shown as prey.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Achilles is shown as separate from other heroes. He has a “choice” in his fate and sees the futility of war. Hector also different as he has duties and fights for his people.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Relationship created by hospitality is strong and important as it rests on foundations of well-understood conventions. Diomedes and Glaucus (B6) show that xenia is important enough to spare a life even if it was from generations ago

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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