IGCSE Geography - Population and Settlement

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What is Population Density
The number of people living a given area (usually per square kilometer)
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What is Population Distribution
The concentration and spread of people.
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What are some patterns of the Global Population
Around/near water, like rivers or oceans, then spread out, Mostly in Warmer/Tropical climates (just above equator)
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What affects Population Growth?
Birth Rate, Death Rate, Migration
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What is Birth Rate?
The average number of live births in a year for every 1000 people in the total population.
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What is Death Rate?
Average number of deaths per 1000 people in the population.
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How does Birth Rate and Death Rate affect Population Structures
High birth rate with a low death rate means the population is increasing, and a low Birth rate and high death rate means the population is decreasing
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Explain the Historical Trend of Global Population Growth and give reasons
The annual growth rate of the world’s population rose slowly but steadily until the beginning of the nineteenth century, as it saw the birth of the industrial era, where in countries like England and America, there was a population explosion.
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Explain what lead to overpopulation
This occurs when there are too many people living in an area for the resources and technology available for them to maintain an acceptable standard of living.
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List the consequences of overpopulation
Famine, Desertification, Deforestation, Drought, Big gap in rich to poor ratio
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Explain what lead to underpopulation
This occurs when there is more food, minerals,and energy resources than a country needs. E.G: Australia and Canada - resources are exported, raising the GDP, incomes and living conditions.
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List the consequences of underpopulation
Lower standard of living, Lack of Manpower, Too few numbers in defense forces (army/navy/AF)
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List the three patterns of settlement, with examples
Linear - Huntly area near Waikato River, Nucleated - Rukuhia, Dispersed - Northland New Zealand
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What is Hierarchy
The ranking of settlements, determined by size, range of number of services and sphere of influence.
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What is Sphere of Influence?
Also known as the market area, the sphere of influence is defined as the area served by a particular settlement. It is how far one would travel for an specific item.
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What does the Burgess Model show?
The Burgess model dates back to 1929 and describes the geographic use around a city as concentric rings like an archery target. It ends up in the city being surrounded by rural land.
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What does the Hoyts Model show?
The Hoyts model factors in transportation and realizes how this disrupts the Burgess model. The city develops in sectors, this time. For example, one side of the city may be completely industrial while the other might be rural.
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Describe the Pattern of urbanization in LEDCS
Wealthy areas are predominantly close to the CBD. This means apartment living is common. Wealthy citizens are close to their place of work, travelling time is short and they feel secure in apartments due to poor security in infrastructure.
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Describe causes the urbanisation
Most LEDC city population have boomed due to the post WW2 baby boom. Countries were in stage 2 of the DTM and new wealth was poured in by the industrial boom that followed the war. Huge population growth was experienced and jobs were freely available
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Define Urbanisation
The increase in the proportion of people living in cities and towns.
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Define Green Belt
An area of land around a large urban area where the development of housing and industry is severely restricted and the countryside is protected for farming and recreation.
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Define Greenfield site
An area of countryside/open space that has not yet been built upon.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Population Distribution

Back

The concentration and spread of people.

Card 3

Front

What are some patterns of the Global Population

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What affects Population Growth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Birth Rate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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