IGCSE Biology - Circulatory System

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Two changes that happen with the heart when taking part in exercise:
1. Heart rate increases- pumps more often, 2. Stroke volume increases - the heart pumps a larger volume of blood
1 of 20
To increase the rate of respiration muscle cells need 2 things:
1. Oxygen, 2. Glucose
2 of 20
What muscle do the coronary arteries supply blood to?
the heart muscle
3 of 20
How do the coronary arteries become blocked? buildup of...
by a buildup of FATTY PLAQUES containing CHOLESTEROL
4 of 20
What happens when the coronary artery becomes blocked?
restricts blood from reaching the heart, the heart muscle cannot respire and therefore contract resulting in a heart attack
5 of 20
How does a poor (fatty) diet cause a heart attack?
eating more saturated fat increases cholesterol levels
6 of 20
How does smoking cause a heart disease?
smoking increases blood pressure
7 of 20
How does carbon monoxide affect oxygen levels?
carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin restricting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood- causing heart rate to increase
8 of 20
Which side of the circulatory system carries the oxygenated, high pressure blood?
the LEFT side
9 of 20
Which arteries and veins are associated with the lungs?
Pulmonary artery/vein
10 of 20
Which arteries are associated with the kidneys?
Renal artery/vein
11 of 20
Which arteries are associated with the liver?
Hepatic artery/vein
12 of 20
Is the human circulatory system a single or double circulatory system?
It is a double circulatory system - circulation between heart and lungs and circulation between heart and rest of the body
13 of 20
Through which type of blood vessel does gas exchange take place?
through the capillaries as they are one cell thick - CO2 in, O2 out
14 of 20
Gas exchange in the lungs takes place in the:
alveoli
15 of 20
Why are the alveoli well adapted to the role of gas exchange?
1. large s.a., 2. walls only one cell thick, 3. moist surface, 4. contains many blood capillaries
16 of 20
What effect does cigarette smoke DAMAGING cilia have on the body?
The cilia usually sweep away mucus from the lungs. Mucus traps pathogens (more likely to get an infection) and also causes 'smoker's cough'
17 of 20
Tar is a carcinogen, this means it...
causes cancer of lungs, mouth etc.
18 of 20
Smoke damages the walls of the alveoli, this can cause the disease
emphysema-people with this carry less blood around their body so find mild exercise difficult
19 of 20
What parts of the ventilatory system do the cilia line?
the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
20 of 20

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

To increase the rate of respiration muscle cells need 2 things:

Back

1. Oxygen, 2. Glucose

Card 3

Front

What muscle do the coronary arteries supply blood to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do the coronary arteries become blocked? buildup of...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens when the coronary artery becomes blocked?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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