Liberlism Ideology

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  • Created by: AshyBoy
  • Created on: 01-08-18 15:34
CORE IDEAS AND PRINCIPLES
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The ___ takes priority over the ___
individual - group
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What is Foundational Equality?
Everyone is born equal with equal rights (Opposed to Conservative Idea of The Natural Hierarchy)
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Humans are essentially ___
Rational (We are selfish but we understand that reason, not force, should be used to resolve conflict.) (More positive view of human nature than Conservatives)
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What are the two contrasting views of individualism and what types of Liberals believe in them?
Egotistical Individualism - Classic Liberal (Humans are selfish and seek only pleasure / Developmental Individualism - Modern Liberals (Freedom means freedom to achieve your potential. This involves others, so if some are not free none of us are)
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FREEDOM / LIBERTY (J.S.MILLS)
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What do Liberals think freedom means?
The ability to make decisions in your own interests based on your view of human nature.
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What do Classic Liberals believe about freedom, what is it called and give an example of a famous Classic Liberal
Freedom means simply the absence of restraint, the ability to do what you want as long as it does not interfere with the freedom of others. (This is called 'negative freedom') - J.S Mills
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What is Positive Freedom?
Not just the absence of restraint but the ability to achieve ones potential (as opposed to letting your talent go to waste). Without resources some people can never be truly free so state intervention is necessary to help them achieve their potential
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What is Tolerance? And what did J.S Mills believe?
It is the acceptance of a wide range of lifestyles, cultures and beliefs. J.S Mills believed that tolerance is rational, promotes freedom and is good for society. Also, beliefs must be defended even if you dont agree with the views portrayed.
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THE STATE (JOHN LOCKE)
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What do Liberals believe about the states role?
It is necessary to avoid chaos but it has a potential for harm as it can remove individual liberty. Therefore there must be a limited government.
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How do Liberals believe the government should be limited?
Checks and balances, 'codified constitutions', internal investigations and the media for public exposure to encourage protests.
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What do Classic Liberals believe when it comes to the economy?
They believe that the 'free market economy' is necessary and the state should not interfere (as opposed to protectionism - i.e. Putting tariffs on trade.)
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What are the two different views about the states role?
Classic Liberals - The state should be a 'night watchman' / Modern Liberals - Want an 'enabling state', i.e. the state should offer a 'hand up not hand out' to overcome the inequalities of capitalism. This is to protect the vulnerable.
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RATIONALISM (MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT)
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What do Liberals believe about human rationalism?
Humans are rational and capable of reason and logic based on 'facts and evidence' rather than emotion.
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Who do Liberals believe is the best judge when it comes to making decisions and deciding right from wrong?
The individual (As opposed to Conservatives who believe the individual is not capable of this)
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What do Liberals believe about the strength of the government?
Liberals believe that the 'government and authorities are mistrusted' and that there is no need for a strong government. (People should have as much freedom as possible).
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What is a Progressive Society?
Although humans are selfish, Liberals are 'optimistic' and believe in the 'progressive society' based on rationalism.( i.e. rational individuals believe that co-operation is more sensible than conflict.)
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EQUALITY / SOCIAL JUSTICE (BETTY FRIEDAN)
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What do Liberals believe about the value of people and how they should be treated?
That all people are of equal value and should be treated impartially and fairly by society.
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What is Formal Equality?
All people should be treated equally under law (Liberals opposed to discrimination)
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What is Equality of Opportunity?
Everyone should have the same opportunity to get on in lif. This does not mean we will be socially or economically equal as that would be 'Equality of Outcome' and that is impossible because people are different (e.g. Different skills or effort)
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What is a Meritocracy and what kind of Liberal believes in it?
Meritocracy means certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender or wealth. (Modern Liberals)
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LIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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What is a Liberal Democracy?
A democracy that balances peoples wishes (through 'elections') with 'limited government' and a respect for civil liberties.
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What did J.S Mills believe about democracy?
He was suspicious of democracy as it could lead to the 'tyranny of the majority' (Which goes against the individual > group). This could threaten private property. (Universal suffrage is dangerous so he was suspicious of it - everyone having a vote)
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What do Modern Liberals believe about democracy?
They favour democracy as it is crucial to limiting the power of the state and the will of the 1%. It promotes free speech and, political participation, pressure groups, a wide range of political parties etc.
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What do Modern Liberals use to ensure that the views of the minority are heard?
PR. (Public Relations)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The ___ takes priority over the ___

Back

individual - group

Card 3

Front

What is Foundational Equality?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Humans are essentially ___

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the two contrasting views of individualism and what types of Liberals believe in them?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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