ICT Key words
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- Created by: Loz215
- Created on: 28-03-15 17:17
Instructions
The steps a computer follows to complete a task
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Program
The instructions given to a computer to complete a specific process
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General Purpose Computer
These are computers that run a wide cariety of programs, which make them do different things.
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Personal Computer
It is a general purpose computer and comes in a variety of forms such as a PDA
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WiFi
a system for connecting electronic equipment such as computers and electronic organizers to the internet without using wires
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Webcam
a camera that records moving pictures and sound and allows these to be broadcast on the internet as they happen
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Standards
A level of quality.
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Smart Phone
It is a device that's mainly concerned with phone functions but also has email,internet and others.
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System
It is a collection of parts that work together for a particular purpose.
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Dedicated Computer
A computer designed to just work in one particular situation.
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Embedded System
Most modern electronic devices have computer systems inside them that control them
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Processor
the part of a computer that performs operations on the information that is put into it
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RAM
Random Access Memory. Stores data in bits in the form of binary digits.
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Control Unit
This is part of the processor that runs programs and directs operations.
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
This is where the processor carries out calculations and comparisons.
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ROM
Stands for Read Only Memory. Contains the basic instructions to get a computer started.
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Bit
Each 1 and 0 in binary code is called a bit of data.
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Byte
RAM is generally divided up into 8 bits, and 8 bits makes a byte.
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Buffer
It is part of the RAM used to queue data up whilst waiting to be processed.
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Input Devices
These are devices needed to put data into a computer. These devices usually convert physical eneryg into electrical impulses.
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Digitising
to put information into the form of a series of the numbers 0 and 1, usually so that it can be understood and used by a computer
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OCR
Stands for Optical Character Recognition. It reads human readable letters
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OMR
Stands for Optical Mark Recognition. It reads pen marks on pre-printed forms to enter the data
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Bar Code
a small rectangular pattern of thick and thin black lines printed on a product, or on its container, so that the details of the product can be read by and recorded on a computer system:
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RFID
Stands for Radio Frequency Identification.
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Sensor
a device that is used to record that something is present or that there are changes in something
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Analogue
An analogue recording is one that is made by changing the sound waves into electrical signals of the same type.
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Digital
recording or storing information as series of the numbers 1 and 0, which show that a signal is present or absent:
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Output Devices
A device used to produce data to leave the computer. An example would be headphones
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Hard Copy
This is a printed output. It is used to look at something when there isn't access to a computer.
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TFT-LCD
Stands for Thin FilmTransistor Liquid Crystal Display. Used in screen output devices.
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Toner
Ink for a printer or photocopier
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Plotter
A device used for large drawings and plans. The computer guides a pen over paper.
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Actuator
These are devices that switch circuits on and off.
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ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This uses a number to represent each character or letter.
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UniCode
This is another system that allows storage of characters from all languages.
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Pixels
the smallest unit of an image on a television or computer screen
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MP3 Player
A device that players back digital sounds.
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Kilobyte
1024 bytes
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Megabyte
1024 kilobytes
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Gigabyte
1024 megabytes
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Terabyte
1024 gigabyte
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Flash memory
It is a type of ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed thousands of times. It's used in secondary storage.
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Secondary Storage
It is used to hold data for the future. It's sometimes called backing storage and has become cheaper and faster in recent years.
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USB drive
It is also known as a memory stick. It connects to the computer using a USB port and stores lots of data.
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Memory Cards
These are flash memory devices designed to fit into cameras.
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Virtual Memory
space that can be used on the hard drive of a computer to store information temporarily so that there is more memory available when it is needed by software such as a computer game
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CD-ROM
It is a form of read-only memory.
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DVD-ROM
A form of read-only memory. This time the data is stored on a disc.
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Hard Disk
a device that is fixed inside a computer and is used to store programs and information
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Bluetooth
a system for connecting electronic equipment such as mobile phones, computers, and electronic organizers to each other and to the internet using radio signals
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Open Source
Open-source software is free to use, and the original program can be changed by anyone.
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GPS
Global Positioing system. system that can show the exact position of a person or thing by using signals from satellites
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Protocol
These are rules and standardsthat devices use when communicating with each other.
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Bandwidth
This is the range of frequencies carried in a communication link. It has also come to mean the rate at which data is delivered.
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BPS
This is the number of bits delivered per second.
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KBPS
1000 bps
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MBPS
1000000 bps
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TCP
Transmisson Control Protocol. These are the set of protocols used to contol communications on the internet and other networks.
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IP
Internet Protocol. These are the same as TCP's.
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VOIP
Voice Over Internet Protocol. These allow telephone calls to be made using services such as skype
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WEP
Stands for Wireless Equivalent Protocol.A system for keeping information private on wireless networks
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IEEE 802.11
This is a set of rules that ensures the connected devices work together.
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Hotspot
A public place where you can use a computer, mobile phone, etc. with wi-fi
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Router
A piece of electronic equipment that connects computer networks to each other, and sends information between networks
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WPA2
Stands for WiFi Protected access. It is a more secure method of connecting to a hotspot.
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SSID
Stands for Service Set Identifier. It is a name for the network that's accessed via the hotspot. This can be hidden to lower the risk of it being used by unauthorised people.
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MAC Address
Stands for Media Access Control. It is a unique number assigned to eachnetwork card.
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Node
It is a device inside a network of connected devices.
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Distributed Processing
The processing power of many computers combined.
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VPN
Stands for Virtual Private Network. A system for employees in different places to use its organization's private network over the internet.
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NIC
Stands for Network Interface card. It is needed for each device so that it can send and recieve the network signal.
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Carrier Medium
Devices need to be connected via a carriar medium. An example is fibre optics.
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Fibre Optics
The use of very thin glass or plastic threads through which light can travel to carry information, especially in phone, television, and computer systems
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Hub
These are device that connect lots of devices to the carrier medium. Hubs are passive so send data to all connections.
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Switch
Switches are similar to hubs. Howver switches can send data in all directions.
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LAN
Stands for Local Area Network. It is a network that on one site. it also allows an organization to have complete contol over its data.
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WAN
Stands for Wide Area Network. This covers a wide geographical area, possibly even the whole world.
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Leased Line
Companies use this to provide connections between machines. This is where the comany pays for exclusive use of connections.
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Client-server
It is where one or more computers act as a service provider to others.
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Server
A central computer from which other computers get information.
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Peer-to-peer
In this system all the computers are equal.
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Topology
This is the way that a LAN is laid out.
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Star Network
LANS in large organizations are now set out in this layout. In this network the client machines are connected to a central switch, that attaches them to the required servers.
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Bus Network
InThis network all the computers are attached to a cable backbone.
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Ring Network
In this network, a common cable passes through each machine. So the data passes round in one direction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The instructions given to a computer to complete a specific process
Back
Program
Card 3
Front
These are computers that run a wide cariety of programs, which make them do different things.
Back
Card 4
Front
It is a general purpose computer and comes in a variety of forms such as a PDA
Back
Card 5
Front
a system for connecting electronic equipment such as computers and electronic organizers to the internet without using wires
Back
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