ICT

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What is a flat file?
A simple Storage system that consists of only one table of data
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How is a flat file created?
In database software or a spreadsheet
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Two things a flat file system can suffer from
Data redundancy and data integrity.
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What is a relational database?
Group of tables linked by primary and foreign keys.
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Give some advantages of relational database over flat file
1. Hierarchy of password- limits users to various parts of the program. 2. Access rights- only certain users can access and change data. 3. Consistency- the realiobship between the input data, processing data and output data and related data
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Give some advantages of relational database over flat file (Part 2)
4. Redundancy- where you store data more than once. 5.independence- data and applications used to access it are separate.
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What is an entity?
an object in the real world that is relevant to an ICT system
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What is an attribute?
a single item of data which represents a fact about an entity
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what is an relationship?
the way tables in a system are linked together
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What is data redundancy?
data which is repeated unnecessarily
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What is data integrity?
correctness of data and accuracy
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What is data consistency?
This is the relationship between input data, processing data, output data as well as any other related data
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What is data independence?
The data and applications used to access it are separate
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What is data normalisation?
Staged mathematical process which removed repeated groups of data and inconsistencies
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How is security improved in a relational database?
Hierarchy of password, access right, storage of data is separate to programmes
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What is data warehousing?
a large collection of archived data used for decision making
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Describe data warehousing
allows the company to find the most popular product. allows the company to store all information about every sale. To see who and what items are bought.
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What is data mining?
Interrogating the data to find patterns in the data which is used in the warehouse
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Describe data mining?
comparison with competitors. predictions for future sales. can provide the company with a list of what certain customers are likely to buy.
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what is distributed database?
has data stored on a number of computers at different locations but appears as one logical database.
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Advantages of distributed database?
new locations can be added without having to rewrite the whole database. faster response to user queries. non dependence on one huge central store of data. if one server fails another server can be used
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Disadvantages of distributed database?
software is more complex than centralised database system. heavy reliance on networks and communications. increase cost due to expensive communication lines. security issues especially is sensitive data is being transferred.
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How can security issues for distributed database be dealt with?
encryption of transmitted data. Checks put in place to make sure that data that arrives is secure and accurate. using passwords to authorise users and updating them regularly
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How is a flat file created?

Back

In database software or a spreadsheet

Card 3

Front

Two things a flat file system can suffer from

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a relational database?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give some advantages of relational database over flat file

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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