Accumulation: input into the glacier (snow and ice) Ablation: output of the glacier (melt water, rocks)
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What is a positive and negative glacial budget?
Positive is when accumulation exceeds ablation; the glacier advances, negative is when ablation exceeds accumulation; the glacier retreats.
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When are positive and negative budgets likely to occur?
In summer it is warmer therefore more ablation as ice melts (negative and retreat). In winter there is more accumulation because its colder and more snow falls and less ice melts (positive and advance)
3 of 14
Name the 7 features formed from glacial erosion
Arete, pyramidal peak, truncated spurs, ganging valley, glacial troughs, ribbon lake, corries.
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Explain the formation and give a description of an arete.
Steep sides ridge formed when 2 glaciers flow parallel valleys. Th eglaciers erode the sides of the valleys which sharpens the ridge.
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Explain the formation and give a description of a pyramidal peak
Pointed mountain peak with at least 3 sides. Formed when 3 or more back to back glaciers erode a mountain.
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Explain the formation and give a description of a truncated spur
Cliff-like valleys formed by smaller glaciers that flow into the main glacier. The main valley is eroded deeper so when the glacier has melted the valleys are left higher
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Explain the formation and give a description of glacial trough
Have flat bottoms (U shaped) with steep sides. Start as a V valley bu the glacier erodes it to be deeper and wider.
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Explain the formation and give a description of a ribbon lake
Long, thin lakes that form after the glacier has melted. Form in hollows where softer rock has been eroded more.
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Explain the formation and give a description of corries
Begin as hollows but as the ice moves by rotational slip it erodes the hollow into an armchair shape. If the ice melts it make leave a lake which is called a tarn. E
10 of 14
Explain the erosion process plucking
When melt water freezes to loose rocks and the glacier moves the rocsks are plucked and are carried with the glacier.
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Explain the erosion process abrasion
Bits of rock stuck to the outside of the glacier grind along the rock like sand paper leaving striations
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Explain and describe a morraine
Land forms made once the glacier has retreated, material that is deposited. Lateral: side of the glacier. Terminal: end where the snout was. Medial: centre where 2 glaciers met. Ground: thin layer deposited over a large area
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Explain and describe drumlins
Elongated hills of deposits. Round, blunt and steep. Tapered, pointed and downstream on one end; direction of flow
14 of 14
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a positive and negative glacial budget?
Back
Positive is when accumulation exceeds ablation; the glacier advances, negative is when ablation exceeds accumulation; the glacier retreats.
Card 3
Front
When are positive and negative budgets likely to occur?
Back
Card 4
Front
Name the 7 features formed from glacial erosion
Back
Card 5
Front
Explain the formation and give a description of an arete.
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