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6. What are Semetko & Valkenburg's five news frames?

  • Intruder, Victim, Social Cost, Responsibility, Morality
  • Intruder, Victim, Economic Consequences, Responsibility, Morality
  • Human Interest, Responsibility, Morality, Economic Consequences, Conflict
  • Human Interest, Social Cost, Responsibility, Morality, Conflict

7. What are the four aspects of Deardorff's Process Model for Intercultural Communicative Competence?

  • Attitudes, knowledge & comprehension, internal outcome, external outcome.
  • Attitudes, education, internal outcome, external outcome
  • Attitudes, skills of interpreting and relating, internal outcome, external outcome
  • Attitudes, knowledge, skills of discovering and interaction, external outcome

8. What are the five types of deixis?

  • Personal, existential, social, temporal, structural
  • Personal, existential, lexical, discoursal, social
  • Personal, social, temporal, spatial, discoursal
  • Personal, structural, social, temporal, spatial

9. What might a Japanese interlocutor do to save face when they are not able to meet an obligation?

  • Make difference arrangements
  • Apologise profusely
  • Ignore the situation
  • Promise to help anyway

10. According to Englebert & Wynn (2000), what are the five common conflict styles?

  • Accommodation, Avoidance, Competition, Collaboration, Compromise
  • Accommodation, Avoidance, Completion, Collaboration, Compromise
  • Accommodation, Avoidance, Competition, Cooperation, Compromise
  • Accommodation, Avoidance, Completion, Cooperation, Compromise

11. What are the two types of conversational implicature?

  • Particularised, engendered
  • Particularised, egocentric
  • Generalised and particularised
  • Generalised, structural

12. Why do stereotypes usually emerge?

  • Due to the need to truthfully represent a person/group/lifestyle
  • Due to a dislike of an outgroup
  • Due to power relations, tensions and conflict
  • Due to media-led smear campaigns

13. How can deictic expressions be described?

  • Egocentric
  • Ethnorelative
  • Ethnocentric
  • Egotistic

14. What are the seven common causes of intercultural conflict according to Isenhart & Spangle (2000)?

  • Data, Education, Values, Procedures, Face, Roles, Communication
  • Data, Interests, Procedures, Values, Roles, Relationships, Communication
  • Data, Education, Attitudes, Values, Procedures, Roles, Relationships
  • Data, Attitudes, Values, Procedures, Roles, Relationships, Communication

15. Who defined 'othering' as 'imagining someone as alien and different in such a way that they are excluded from the speaker's "normal", "superior" and "civilised" group'?

  • Someone totally irrelevant (2010)
  • Holliday, Hyde & Kullman (2010)
  • John, John, John (2010)
  • John, John, John (2010)

16. What are the five types of speech act according to Searle (1975)?

  • Directives, commands, proximals, commissives, declarations
  • Directives, temporals, commissives, declarations, representatives
  • Directives, expressives, commissives, declarations, representatives
  • Directives, commands, commissives, declarations, temporals

17. What holds a presupposition- the speaker or the utterance?

  • Neither
  • The speaker
  • Both
  • The utterance

18. How does Levinson (1983) define pragmatics?

  • The study of the structural elements of speech acts, and elements of discourse structure
  • The study of deixis, implicature, speech acts, and elements of discourse structure
  • The study of meaning behind speech acts, and elements of discourse structure
  • The study of lexis, syntax, grammar and phonology and its ability to convey meaning

19. What is 'communicative competence?'

  • the ability to perform a range of appropriate, performative behaviours, empathise and reflect.
  • A situational, relational attibute

20. Why can particularised implicature be a cause of intercultural misunderstanding?

  • Because interlocutors need to share the same value system
  • N/A- particularised implicatures do not cause intercultural misunderstanding
  • Because it requires specific contextual knowledge
  • Because interlocutors need to be from the same culture to understand