A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each the same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
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Biosensor
A device that uses a living organism or biological molecules, esp. enzymes or antibodies, to detect the presence of chemicals
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Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
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Primary protein structure
The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
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Secondary protein structure
The folding of polypeptides into regular structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds, such as alpha helices and beta sheets
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Tertiary protein structure
The folding of polypeptides into 3D shapes, held together by peptide, hydrogen, ionic, covalent and disulphide bonds
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Ribosomes
Particales within a cell made of RNA and protein used in the formation of proteins (protein synthesis)
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Diffusion
Movement of substances in or out of a cell along the concentration gradient
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Active transport
Movement of substances in or out of a cell against the concentration gradient
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Faciliated diffusion
Use of channel/carrier proteins for faster movement in or out of a cell
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Water potential
The capacity/tendency for water to move in or out of a cell
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Plasmolysis
When the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall
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Enzyme inhibitor
A molecule which attaches itself to an enzyme, decreasing it's activity
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Immobilised enzymes
Enzymes attached to an unreactive, insoluble material such as calcium alginate
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Tissue
An aggregation of similar cells carrying out the same function
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Four base molecules found in DNA
Adedine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
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Prophase
Stage within mitosis whereby the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles move to the poles, nucleolus dissapears and nuclear envelope breaks down
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Metaphase
Microtubules attach to centremeres and the chromosomes are lined up to the equator of the cell
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Anaphase
Centromeres divide into two and chromotids seperate along the spindles moving to opposite poles
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Telophase
Chromotids elongate, spindle fibres disintergrate, nuclear envelope re-forms and the nucleolus re-forms
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Interphase
DNA is replicated, organelles grow and divide, and energy stores increased
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Differences in mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two daughter nuclei, meiosis results in four. Mitosis is diploid, meiosis is haploid. Mitosis form genetically identical cells, meiosis form different genetic compositions.
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Diploid cell
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (hense DIploid) (Human cells)
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Haploid cell
A cell that contains single chromosomes (HAlf HAploid) (sperm and egg cells are haploid)
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Fluid mosaic (cell membrane)
Proteins are scattered (mosaic) and free to move around (fluid)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A device that uses a living organism or biological molecules, esp. enzymes or antibodies, to detect the presence of chemicals
Back
Biosensor
Card 3
Front
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Back
Card 4
Front
The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
Back
Card 5
Front
The folding of polypeptides into regular structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds, such as alpha helices and beta sheets
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