Human Reproduction

?
  • Created by: Ruhab21
  • Created on: 16-09-20 23:04
What are Testes?
Contain Seminiferous Tubules
1 of 61
Describe function of Testes?
Protects and keeps testes cooler than body temp
2 of 61
Describe function of Penis?
An external organ that introduces sperm to the female
3 of 61
Describe what Seminiferous Tubules do?
They produce Spermatozoa and produce testosterone
4 of 61
State what Epididymis is?
Spermatozoa mature here
5 of 61
State what Vas deferens does?
Sperm passes here from epididymis and to urethera for ***********!!!
6 of 61
State what does a Seminal Vesicle do??
Produces mucus secretion for sperm motility
7 of 61
State what does a Prostate gland do?
Produces an alkaline solution that neutralises urine
8 of 61
State what is a fallopian tube do?
The Ova (pluarl of ovary) pass the FT to reach uterus
9 of 61
State what is a function of Endometrium?
Mucus membrane which has lots of blood
10 of 61
State what Uterus does?
Has muscular walls and lined by endometrium
11 of 61
State what is a Cervix
Ring of muscle which is entrance to uterus
12 of 61
Suggest why gametes must be haploid?
This is so when fertilisation occurs a zygote is formed with a diploid no. of chromosomes (2n)
13 of 61
Suggest what leads to genetic variation in meiosis?
Crossing over at Prophase 1 and Independent Assortment at Metaphase 1 and 2
14 of 61
State what is the role of Sertoli ?
1) Secrete fluid to nourish spermatids 2) Provide O2 and remove waste products
15 of 61
State what is the role of interstitial cells?
1) Secrete Testosterone which allows spermatogenesis 2) Gives Males BEARDS!!!
16 of 61
Describe process of Spermatogenesis?
1) Spermatozoa is produced in seminiferous tubules 2) Spermatogonia go through mitosis to make primary spermatocytes 2) They undergo meiosis to make secondary spermatocytes 3) They undergo meiosis 2 to make spermatids
17 of 61
Describe the final bit of Spermatogenesis?
1) Spermatids differentiate into Spermatozoa 2) Nourished by SERTOLI CELLS!
18 of 61
Describe Process of Oogenesis?
1) Germinal Epithelium undergoes mitosis to make Oogonia 2) Oogonia then undergoes mitosis to make primary oocytes 3) Primary Oocytes are arrested at Prophase 1 4) Then after ovulation meiosis 1 finishes, seconday oocyte & polarbodymade
19 of 61
Describe Process of Oogenesis? Pt.2
5) Secondary Oocyte released from ovary and starts meiosis 2 and stops at Metaphase 2 until fertilisation occurs 2) When fertilsation done Ovum produced and second polar body is formed
20 of 61
Suggest what happens to polar bodies?
They just degenerate
21 of 61
What surrounds at primary follicles at oogenisis?
Follicle cells
22 of 61
What stimulates for follicles to grow and what do Primary follicles form into
1) Hormones stimulate follicles to grow 2) They mature into Graafian follicle which has secondary oocyte
23 of 61
Suggest what happens during ovulation and what does Graafian follicle turn into then?
1) Secondary Oocyte leaves surface of ovary and enters Fallopian tube 2) Turns into corpus luteum
24 of 61
State what happens to corpus luteum if no fertilisation occurs?
Degenerates into Corpus albicans
25 of 61
Suggest what causes Corpus Luteum to degenerate into Corpus Albicans
Lack of FSH and LH PRODUCTION!!!!
26 of 61
State what is a zona pellucida?
Glycoprotein layer that surrounds cell membrane of Graafian follicle
27 of 61
Suggest the function of corona radiata
Provides nutrients
28 of 61
Suggest why does Meiosis 1 stops at Prophase 1
Because it needs to complete meiosis at the time of ovulation (Till child reaches puberty)
29 of 61
Suggest why does Meiosis 2 stops at Metaphase 2?
Because fertilization needs to occur
30 of 61
State what does FSH do in menstrual cycle?
It Stimulates Oestrogen
31 of 61
Suggest what does FSH do to follicles
It causes follicles to develop into Graafian follicles
32 of 61
State what does Oestrogen do?
Stimulates LH PRODUCTION but Inhibits FSH PRODUCTION
33 of 61
State the function of Oestrogen
Growth Repair of the Endometrium
34 of 61
Suggest how LH stimulates Progesterone
Causes Graafian follicle to turn into Corpus luteum which secretes progesterone
35 of 61
State what does Progesterone do?
Inhibits further LH PRODUCTION!!!!
36 of 61
State what happens to Arterioles and Venules during Copulation
Aterioles Dilate Venules Constrict (Adam's Dad Very Cool)
37 of 61
Suggest what the force of *********** is for?
To get the sperm to the cervix and uterus and then to oviduct
38 of 61
Describe Capacitation?
Changes in membrane of acrosome
39 of 61
Suggest what changes of membrane of Acrosome allows something to happen?
Increases the chance of sperm binding to secondary oocyte
40 of 61
Suggest what else can membrane change allow sperm to do in capacitation?
Increases Permeability and sperm motility (motile so movable on its own)
41 of 61
State what happens in Acrosome reaction?
1) Spermatozoa push their way around the Corona Radiata 2) They release HYDROLASE enzymes to digest zona pellucida 3) Nuclei of Spermatozoa and Secondary Oocyte fuse
42 of 61
State what occurs in Cortical Reaction?
1) Secondary Oocyte releases Ca2+ ions in the cytoplasm 2) Cortical Granules fuse with Ca2+ions 3) Zona pellucida hardens and makes FERTILISATION MEMBRANE!!!!
43 of 61
Suggest why Zona Pellucida hardens?
Prevent Polyspermy
44 of 61
Suggest how Sperm are attracted to Secondary Oocyte
Chemoattractants
45 of 61
State what do the Umbilical Vein and Artery in the Placenta do?
UV carries oxygenated blood to the Foetus / UA carries deoxygenated lood away from Foetus
46 of 61
State what happens in Implantation?
1) Zygote undergoes mitosis and forms Cleavage which make a BLASTOCYST 2) Blastocyst fuses with endometrium
47 of 61
State what is the outer layer of the blastocyst called?
Trophoblast
48 of 61
State the function of an Aminotic fluid
Acts as a shock absorber
49 of 61
State what happens with Chorionic villi
Extends into Intervillous Space
50 of 61
Suggest why this needs to happen?
So there is exchange of materials between mother and Foetus
51 of 61
State what does Foetal Capillaries do?
They bathe the intervillous space
52 of 61
Suggest why this needs to happen?
Same reason as the Chorionic Villi (LOOK AT PREVIOUS ONE)
53 of 61
Suggest what else do Chorionic Villi does?
Increases Surface Area
54 of 61
State what else Foetal Capillaries do
Decrease Diffusion Pathway
55 of 61
State the roles of Placenta?
1) Provides protection from Immune System 2) Protects Foetus from maternal and foetal blood pressure 3) Provides passive immunity
56 of 61
Why are FSH and LH suppressed?
FSH so no follicles mature and LH so no ovulation takes place
57 of 61
State what Feedback is Oxytocin production
Postive Feedback
58 of 61
Why is it Positive Feedback
So when Oxytocin is secreted it causes the uterus muscle to contract and causes Oxytocin to be secreted and RINSE AND REPEAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
59 of 61
Suggest what needs to decrease for Uterus wall to be contracted?
Progesterone and LH Production levels
60 of 61
State what stimulates the production of Milk in breasts?
Prolactin
61 of 61

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe function of Testes?

Back

Protects and keeps testes cooler than body temp

Card 3

Front

Describe function of Penis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe what Seminiferous Tubules do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

State what Epididymis is?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Human Reproduction resources »