produces genetically different offspring (variation) via specialised sex cells and fertilisation
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asexual reproduction
produces genetically identical offspring (clones) via mitosis, no fertilisation needed
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mitosis
cells divide into 2 daughter cells with the exact same genes, used for growth and repair
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meiosis
cells divide into four daughter cells, each with half the no of chromosomes, and are not genetically identical
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sperm cell adaptations
flagellum -swim to egg, acrosome- contains enzymes to break into the ovum, mitochondria in mid piece as a site of respiration (provides energy)
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haploid cells
contains half the number of chromosomes
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diploid cell
contains a full set of chromosomes
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how are gametes produced?
produced by meiosis, and are specialised haploid sex cells
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how is an embryo formed?
zygote divides repeatedly by mitosis to produce cells with a full set of chromosomes that will make up and adult
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where are the eggs released from?
ovary
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where do the egg cells travel down and into?
oviduct and into the uterus
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what holds the baby in place?
cervix
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where does the embryo develop?
lining of the uterus
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where are sperm cells made?
testes
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where do the sperm travel through and out of?
travel through sperm duct and out of the urethra
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what is the head of the penis protected by?
foreskin
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how is semen made?
glands in the penis secrete a liquid that is added to the sperm cells
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what does the embryo develop for protection?
placenta - allows embryo to obtain nutrients and oxygen from the mothers blood, also allows excretion of waste products like urea and carbon dioxide , anchors embryo in uterus
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what does the placenta secrete?
secretes progesterone to maintain lining of uterus and pregnancy
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what surrounds the embryo?
amnion surrounds developing embryo, and produces amniotic fluid that protects the embryo from harsh movements
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primary sexual characteristic
whether the body produces female or male sex cells
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secondary male sexual characters
controlled by testosterone, development of muscles, growth of facial and body hair
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secondary female sexual characteristics
controlled by oestrogen, menstrual cycle begins, growth of breasts
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menstrual cycle
1-5 , bleeding as uterus lining sheds, 6-13 , new lining produced, 14 ovulation, 15-28, blood supply develops in new uterus lining
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oestrogen
produced in PG, repairs and thickens lining of uterus,
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progesterone
produced in PG, maintains the lining of the uterus after implantation
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FSH
stimulates egg to development, oestrogen secretion, sperm production
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LH
stimulates egg release, testosterone production
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menstrual cycle hormones
FSH released from PG, transported In blood, stimulates ovary to release oestrogen, causes egg to mature in ovary, oestrogen released from PG, transported in blood, stimulates PG to release LH, prevents further release of FSH
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menstrual cycle hormones cont
LH released from PG, transported in blood, causes ovary to release egg
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follicle
contains a fully developed egg ready for ovulation
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what is a corpus luteum?
develops in the ovary as a yellow swelling that produces progesterone - if egg has isn't fertilised it breaks down and stops producing P, if it has, it carries on producing P, the lining is not shed and menstruation stops.
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egg development cycle
7-14 egg matures in ovary, 15-17 egg can be fertilised, 18-20 egg dies if not fertilised
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
asexual reproduction
Back
produces genetically identical offspring (clones) via mitosis, no fertilisation needed
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