Human Impacts

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  • Created by: Ruhab21
  • Created on: 01-10-20 01:42
Explain the effect humans have on natural selection?
(2 marks)
1) They are changing environments faster than new mutations
2) This allows for adaptations so species are driven to extinction at a faster rate
1 of 40
Explain the effects humans have on non neighbouring populations
(2 marks)
1) Small populations are isolated from each other and cant interbreed
2) So genetic diversity is limited. This means there isn't a healthy population
2 of 40
Explain the role of deforestation as a threat to species.
Permanent removal of a habitat
3 of 40
Suggest why are wetlands drained and how does this affect species?
Allow space for agriculture and building, thus destroying habitats
4 of 40
How does hedgerow loss affect species?
1) It removes breeding sites, feeding sites
2) Which allow animals to move from areas
5 of 40
How do crop sowing (scattering) seasons affect species?
Sowing(scattering) during autumn rather than spring means plants are at unsuitable heights for birds to build nests
6 of 40
Why would people overhunt?
(bloodthirsty ppl)
For games, trophies and agricultural exploitation
7 of 40
How does competition from introduced species pose a threat to species?
They outcompete existing species
8 of 40
How does pollution pose a threat to species?
They kill organisms or make it harder to survive in their habitat
9 of 40
What is conservation?
(PPM)The protection, preservation, management and restoration of natural habitats and communities to enhance biodiversity
10 of 40
Name some conservation techniques
Gene banks
International cooperation
Legislation
Protecting habitats
Ecotourism
Education
Sperm Banks
(Great way to remember
GIL PEES)
11 of 40
How can legislation be a conservation technique?
National/international laws can protect habitats and wildlife e.g EU directive preventing overgrazing
12 of 40
How can education be a conservation technique
Public awareness campaigns on national or global scales e.g WWF (Worldwide Federation not World Wrestling Federation)
13 of 40
Give an example of how international cooperation can be a conservation technique
Whaling
14 of 40
In what ways can one protect habitats?
SSSI
(Site of Special Scientific Interest)
15 of 40
What are the ethical reasons for the conservation of gene pools?
Each species is a unique combination of genes
16 of 40
How might conserving gene banks be useful during environmental changes?
A large varied gene pool increases the chance of a species surviving environmental change
17 of 40
How might conserving gene banks play a role in medicine?
Plants/animals should be available if they can help develop new drugs or medical treatments in the future
18 of 40
How does agriculture or horticulture affect gene banks?
Breeds are selectively bred so they might lack a specific allele that may be important in the future that wild species have.
19 of 40
What is monoculture?
the cultivation of a single crop in a given area
20 of 40
What effect does monoculture have on biodiversity?
It only provides one habitat so it reduces the number of different microhabitats that are available
21 of 40
What is the effect of monoculture on nutrients in the soil?
Roots grow to the same length and extract the same minerals so the concentration of nutrients is reduced and the use of inorganic fertilisers increases
22 of 40
How does overgrazing lead to soil erosion and desertification?
Hooves of cattle compact soil and drive out air. This prevents water drainage so roots can penetrate soil and grass for grazing doesn't grow
23 of 40
How does deforestation affect germination?
Wet soil takes longer to warm and cold soil reduces germination and root activity.
24 of 40
What is managed forestry?
The sustainable replanting and regeneration of forests
25 of 40
What is coppicing?
When a tree trunk is cut but a stool is left behind.
26 of 40
How is selective cutting a method of managed forestry?
Larger trees are felled whilst others remain. This is useful on steep slopes because soil isn't left vulnerable to erosion so it maintains nutrients
27 of 40
What is the problem with trees being planted so close to each other?
There's intraspecific competition for nutrients in the soil
28 of 40
What are the benefits of preserving native woodlands? (3 marks)
Maintains and enhances biodiversity
Maintains very old habitat
Wide range of habitats available
29 of 40
What is ecotourism?
Reducing the damage done by mass travel and provide benefits to ecosystems visited by tourists
30 of 40
What are the aims of ecotourism?
▪Contribute to conservation efforts
▪Educate visitors about local environment and culture
▪Cooperate with local people to manage natural areas
▪Employ local people and give money back to local communities
31 of 40
Whats the problem with small mesh sizes in fishing drift nets?
Smaller sexually inactive fish cant escape nets so it reduces the future breeding population and reduces genetic diversity
32 of 40
(APPLICATION STYLE) Suggest what effects do fishing drift nets have on other wildlife? (2 marks)
1) Can catch turtles or dolphins
2) Catch the prey of other species and affect food webs
33 of 40
What are planetary boundaries?
They are designed to define a safe operating space for humanity; once passed, there is a risk of irreversible and abrupt environmental change
34 of 40
How can large mesh sizes reduce overfishing?
Allow young fish can grow and become sexually mature and then reproduce
35 of 40
Which zones are exclusion zones to reduce overfishing?
Where fish breed during breeding season
36 of 40
What are the benefits of fish farming?
A greater proportion of fish bodies are edible
Lower carbon footprint
Fish convert their food into protein more efficiently
37 of 40
What are the problems with fish farming? (2 marks)
The high density can easily transmit disease and the antibiotics/pesticides used can harm others.
Escaped fish can pass parasites to wild populations
Inefficient since farmed fish eat a lot of food
38 of 40
1) Which planetary boundaries are unquantified?
2) What does this mean?
1) Chemical pollution and Aerosol
2) Unquantified means its so variable that a boundary cant be suggested nor can a solution
39 of 40
Suggest how can the ocean acidification boundary be avoidable?
Less CO2 being produced as a waste gas
40 of 40

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain the effects humans have on non neighbouring populations
(2 marks)

Back

1) Small populations are isolated from each other and cant interbreed
2) So genetic diversity is limited. This means there isn't a healthy population

Card 3

Front

Explain the role of deforestation as a threat to species.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Suggest why are wetlands drained and how does this affect species?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does hedgerow loss affect species?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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