How Science Works Glossary

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Accuracy
Measurement is close to true value
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Anomalous Data
Measurements fall outside the expected range
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Causal Relationship
Results are caused by a change in another variable
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Confounding Variable
A variable other than the independent which affects the outcome. They must be kept constant or monitored
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Control Experiment
Uses a method which limits the possibility of a confounding variable affecting the results
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Control Group
Treated in exactly the same way as the experimental group but do not receive the actor which is being measured. Allows comparison and makes data valid
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Correlation
Relationship between two variables but is not causal
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Dependent Variable
Value is measured for each change in independent variable
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Double-blind trial
Neither scientist or participant know the treatment the individual is receiving
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Independent Variable
Values are changed
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Placebo
A dummy replica of the substance given to the experimental group given to the control. Produces valid data
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Precision
Smallest scale division on the measuring instrument
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Probability
Likelihood of an event occurring expressed mathamtically
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Random Distribution
Data is collected at random to avoid observer bias
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Random errors
Errors caused by human error, faulty technique or equipment
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Reliability
If the experiment was repeated the results would be the same. Measured by repeating measurements
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Validity
Data is affected by the independent variable only and is supported by reliable and valid data
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Zero Errors
Instruments which have an incorrect zero
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Measurements fall outside the expected range

Back

Anomalous Data

Card 3

Front

Results are caused by a change in another variable

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A variable other than the independent which affects the outcome. They must be kept constant or monitored

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Uses a method which limits the possibility of a confounding variable affecting the results

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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