How can the coastline be protected?

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  • Created by: RGV17
  • Created on: 05-09-16 16:29
What is hard engineering?
It prevents coastal processes from occurring.
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What is soft engineering?
It works with natural processes to save the coast.
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What is managed retreat and its cost?
Allowing the sea to gradually flood land or erode cliffs. COST- Depends on the coastal area.
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What are the advantages of managed retreat?
Creates new habitats for plants and birds. Cheap.
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What are the disadvantages of managed retreat?
Upsetting for landowners who lose land. Difficult to estimate the extent of the sea movement especially with rising sea levels.
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What is cliff regrading and its cost?
The cliff cut back and given a new gentle slope to stop it slumping. COST- None.
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What are the advantages of cliff regrading?
May be covered in ecomatting to encourage vegetation growth. Very natural- will encourage wildlife in the area.
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What are the disadvantages o cliff regrading?
Not effective alone- needs other defences at the cliff foot. Some homes on the cliff may have to be demolished.
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What is beach replenishment and its cost?
The placing of sand and pebbles on a beach. COST- £5,000 per 100m.
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What are the advantages of beach replenishment?
Looks natural. Provides beach for tourists. A beach is the best form of natural defence because it dissipates wave energy. Cheap.
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What are the disadvantages of beach replenishment?
May affect plant and animal life in the area. The scheme requires constant maintenance, it can be washed away quickly in as little as one year. Disruption for home-owners when there's noisy lorries full of sand replenishing the beach regularly.
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What is offshore reef and its cost?
Enormous concrete blocks and natural boulders are sunk offshore to alter wave direction and to dissipate the energy of waves and tides.
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What are the advantages of offshore reef?
The waves break further offshore and therefore reduce their erosive power. They allow the build up of sand due to the reduction in wave energy.
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What are the disadvantages of offshore reef?
May be removed by heavy storms. Difficult to install the reefs.
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What is rip-rap and its cost?
Large rocks placed in front of the cliff. COST- £300 per metre.
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What are the advantages of rip-rap?
Dissipates wave energy. Can be very cheap, depending on the rock type. Effective for many years.
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What are the disadvantages of rip-rap?
Can make the beach inaccessible to tourists. Unattractive. Not effective in storm conditions.
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What is re-curved seawall and its cost?
Walls usually made of concrete. The modern ones have a re-curved face. COST- £3,000 per linear metre.
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What are the advantages of re-curved seawall?
Reflects and absorbs wave energy. Very visible- makes residents feel safe. Effective for many years.
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What are the disadvantages of re-curved seawall?
Ugly- puts tourists off. Expensive to build. Can cause wave scouring if not positioned correctly.
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What are groynes and its cost?
Usually made of wood. Stretches from the coastline into the sea.
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What are the advantages of groynes?
Prevents longshore drift- sand builds up on one side of the groyne. Keeps beach in place for the tourist industry. Effective for many years.
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What are the disadvantages of groynes?
Unattractive-difficult to walk along the beach. Disrupt the natural processes working on the beach such as LSD.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is soft engineering?

Back

It works with natural processes to save the coast.

Card 3

Front

What is managed retreat and its cost?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the advantages of managed retreat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the disadvantages of managed retreat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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