Hormones
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- Created by: lx1234
- Created on: 03-03-18 13:05
What are hormones secreted by?
Endocrine glands
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What are the differences between a hormone and nerve?
Hormones have longer lasting effects and usually take longer to work, whilst nerves have shorter lasting effects but work faster.
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What does the pituitary gland secrete?
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) LH (luteinsing hormone) and ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
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What does the thryoid gland secrete?
Thryoxine
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What does the pancreas secrete?
Insulin and Glucagon
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What do the testes secrete?
Testosterone
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What do the ovaries secrete?
Oestrogen and Progesterone.
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What does the adrenal glands secrete?
Adrenalin
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What does the hypothalamus secrete?
TRH (thryotropin-releasing hormones) and CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormones)
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What does Adrenalin do?
Responds to sudden stress, stimulates the fight or flight response.
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What does Thyroxine do?
Controls metabolic rate, (The rate at which the cells respire)
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What are the effects of adrenalin?
Increases heart rate, constricts some blood vessels to make blood pressure higher, dilates other blood vessels to increase blood flow to muscles, causes liver to convert glycogen to glucose which is released into the bloody.
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What is in-vitro fertilisation?
A fertilisation treatment outside of a womans body who is having problems with conceiving a child.
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How does IVF take place?
1. Fertility drug given to woman to stimulate eggs to mature. 2. Eggs taken from the ovaries. 3. Eggs mixed with sperm in petridish. 4. Fertilised eggs develop into embryos. 5. When embryos are balls of cells, put back into the womb for development.
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What is homeostasis?
Keeping some conditions inside the body at a constant in response to internal and external changes.
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What is negative feedback?
A response mechanism which responds to a change in a condition to help bring the condition back to a normal level.
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What is Osmoregulation?
Controls how much water is in the body, keeping it at a constant level?
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What are the steps of Osmoregulation?
1. Normal water content. 2. Drink water/Lose through urine, sweat, breathing. 3. Brain detects change, causes more/less water to be excreted in urine. 4. Normal water content.
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What is thermoregulation?
A process which keeps the bodys temperature at a constant 37 degrees.
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How is thermoregulation controlled?
The thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus.
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What are the steps of thermoregulation?
1. Body temp changes. 2. Hypothalamus detects rise/fall. 3. Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation. Sweat glands release more/less sweat, body hairs rise/fall. 4. Inc/dec of energy to the air.
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How do sweat glands help control body temperature?
When the body is too warm, the sweat glands secrete sweat to evaporate on the skin and cool off.
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How do hair muscles help to control body temperature?
Contracts when it is too cold to pull hairs uptight, trapping an insulating layer of air. When too warm, the hairs lie flat.
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What two hormones control blood glucose regulation?
Insulin and Glucagon
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What happens if your blood glucose levels are too low?
1. Pancreas detects fall in blood glucose levels. 2. Pancreas decreases secretion of insulin and increases secretion of glucagon. 3. Glucagon causes liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose and release it into the blood. 4. Normal rate.
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What happens if your blood glucose levels are too high?
1. Pancreas detects rise in blood glucose concentration. 2. Pancreas increases secretion of insulin and decreases secretion of glucagon. 3. Insulin causes muscle and liver cells to remove glucose from blood and store it as glycogen. 4. Normal rate.
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What is Type 1 Diabetes and how is it treated?
The Immune System has damaged the persons insulin-secreting pancreatic cells, so the person doesn't produce insulin. They have to inject insulin to the fat below the skin.
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What is Type 2 Diabetes and how is it treated?
The person does produce insulin but their liver and muscle cells have become resistant to it. Controlled with diet, exercise and medication if needed.
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How do you calculate BMI?
Weight (kg) / (height (m)) Squared.
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What is the urinary system?
Maintains water balance, removes excess substances absorbed from food and remove waste products from metabolism such as urea from breakdown of proteins.
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What do the renal veins do?
Carry cleaned blood back to the body
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What does the ureters do?
Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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What does the bladder do?
Store urine
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What does the Urethra do?
Allows urine to flow through to exit the body
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What do the renal arteries do?
Carries blood from the body to the kidneys
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What do the kidneys do?
Remove substances including urea from the blood and make urine
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What does the muscle in the bladder do?
Prevent urine from leaving the bladder involuntary.
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What are nephrons?
Tiny tubules which make urine.
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How does excess water and other minerals leave the body?
Blood from artery, glomerulus, bowmans capsule, convoluted tubules, loop of henle, collecting duct,
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How does blood get filtered back into the body?
Blood from artery, blood leaves to renal vein.
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What is selective re-absorption?
Absorption of some components in the blood filter back out into the blood.
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What hormone regulates water content ?
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
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What happens when there isn't enough water in the blood?
1. Brain detects lack of water. 2. Pituitary gland secretes more ADH 3. ADH makes collecting ducts more permeable. 4. More water is reabsorbed from the kidney tubule back into the blood.
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What happens when there is too much water in the blood?
1. Brain detects too much water. 2. Pituitary gland secretes less ADH 3. Less ADH makes collecting ducts less permeable. 4. Less water is reabsorbed from tubule back into the blood.
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What is kidney failure?
When the kidney stops working properly, so excess water, minerals ions and urea build up in the body.
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How does Kidney Dialysis take place?
Dialysis must take place ever 2-3 days. The machine is hooked up to the person, Diffusion restores normal concentrations of dissolved substances in the blood, whilst urea diffuses out of the blood into the fluid.
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What are some of the problems with having a kidney transplant?
The antigens on the transplanted kidney are different to the antigens on the cells in the patient, the antibodies in the patient may reject the kidney.
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How can you prevent rejection of a kidney transplant?
The antigens on the new kidney and the patients tissues must be as similar as possible. The patient must be treated with drugs for life to reduce the effects of the immune system
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How are healthy Nephrons and Dialysis similar?
Both remove harmful urea from the blood and control water content of blood. Both also ensure that useful substances like glucose and mineral ions are not loss unless they are in excess.
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What are the differences between Nephrons and Dialysis?
Healthy nephrons work all the time so blood water concentration is always controlled, Urea is continually removed. Dialysis uses a machine, so filtration happens in hospital. Happens every 2-3 days.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the differences between a hormone and nerve?
Back
Hormones have longer lasting effects and usually take longer to work, whilst nerves have shorter lasting effects but work faster.
Card 3
Front
What does the pituitary gland secrete?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does the thryoid gland secrete?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does the pancreas secrete?
Back
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