Hormonal Communication – Regulation of Blood Glucose

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  • Created by: Lil5
  • Created on: 15-01-18 08:26
Glucose
A simple monosaccharide sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O6.
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Glycogen
A branched polysaccharide formed from alpha glucose molecules. A chemical energy store in animals.
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Glucagon
A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
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Glucose Phosphate
Glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6, it is formed by transfer of phosphate from apt, catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase.
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Glucokinase
Is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of humans and most other vertebrates.
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Glycogenesis
The production of glycogen. When blood glucose concentration is too high, excess glucose taken in through the diet is converted into glycogen which is stored in the liver.
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Glycogenolysis
A process in which glycogen stored in the liver and muscle cells is broken down into glucose which is released into the bloodstream increasing blood glucose concentration.
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Gluconeogenesis
The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. E.g. The liver is able to make glucose from glycerol (from lipids) and amino acids. This glucose is released into the bloodstream and caused an increase in blood glucose concentration.
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Glycogen Synthase
Is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen. This enzyme combines excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen.
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Glycosidic Bond
A covalent bond between two monosaccharides.
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GLUT 4
Glucose transporter type 4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter found primarily in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac).
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Hypoglycaemia
A deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream (Low blood sugar).
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Hyperglycaemia
An excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Hypothalamus
The region of the brain above the pituitary gland that contains osmoreceptors involved in osmoregulation.
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Ketone Bodies
Chemicals that the body makes when there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat instead of the sugar glucose for energy. The ketone bodies are toxic acidic chemicals. They build up in the blood and then spill over into the urin
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Ketoacidosis
High blood glucose with the presence of ketones in the urine and bloodstream, often caused by taking too little insulin or during illness.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A branched polysaccharide formed from alpha glucose molecules. A chemical energy store in animals.

Back

Glycogen

Card 3

Front

A hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6, it is formed by transfer of phosphate from apt, catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of humans and most other vertebrates.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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