Any change in the environment of an organism that causes a response.
stimulus
1 of 30
A portion of the brain that contains various receptors that monitor the blood.
hypothalamus
2 of 30
Cells that bring about a response to reverse changes detected by receptor cells.
effector
3 of 30
The substance on which an enzyme acts.
substrates
4 of 30
The maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes.
homeostasis
5 of 30
The surroundings of the cell, ie. tissue fluid, is described as an organism's ___ environment.
internal
6 of 30
A process in which one cell will release a chemical that is detected by another. The second cell will respond. The process is ___ ___.
cell signalling
7 of 30
One of the two major systems of communication, that enables rapid responses to stimuli that may be changing quickly.
neuronal system
8 of 30
A new material formed in a chemical reaction.
products
9 of 30
Substances that have the capability of causing harmful effects.
toxins
10 of 30
Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient. It may be through a partially permeable membrane.
diffusion
11 of 30
A cell can be described as ___ if it is specialised to perform a certain function.
differentiated
12 of 30
Extracellular fluid which bathes the cells of most tissues.
tissue fluid
13 of 30
The surroundings of the organism, ie. outside temperature, is described as an organism's ___ environment.
external
14 of 30
A process in which any change in a parameter brings about the reversal of that change so the parameter is kept fairly constant. The process is ___ feedback.
negative
15 of 30
A process in which any change in a parameter brings about an increase in that change. The process is ___ feedback.
positive
16 of 30
The reaction to a stimulus.
response
17 of 30
One of the two major systems of communication, that enables longer-term responses to be coordinated.
hormonal system
18 of 30
A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
enzyme
19 of 30
Organisms that can control production and loss of heat to maintain their body temperature.
endotherms
20 of 30
The constriction of blood vessels which restricts blood into capillaries at the skin's surface, reducing heat radiation, thus keeping more of the body's heat.
vasoconstriction
21 of 30
The process that allows the body to maintain its core internal temperature.
thermoregulation
22 of 30
The dilation of blood vessels which allows more blood into capillaries at the skin's surface, increasing heat radiation, thus cooling the body.
vasodilation
23 of 30
Cells which detect a change and are stimulated to send a message.
receptor
24 of 30
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to facilitate birth and breastfeeding.
oxytocin
25 of 30
Organisms that rely on external sources of heat and behavioural activites to regulate their body temperature.
ectotherms
26 of 30
Conditions within the human body must be controlled such that enzymes can work effectively, and will not have their shape altered or ___.
denatured
27 of 30
The principle that states that an enzyme's shape must be complementary to that of its substrate.
lock and key
28 of 30
The process by which metabolic waste and toxins can be removed from the body.
excretion
29 of 30
Some creatures posess ___ adaptations that help to regulate their body temperature, eg. horned lizards can alter their body shape to expose more or less surface area to the sun.
physiological
30 of 30
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A portion of the brain that contains various receptors that monitor the blood.
Back
hypothalamus
Card 3
Front
Cells that bring about a response to reverse changes detected by receptor cells.
Back
Card 4
Front
The substance on which an enzyme acts.
Back
Card 5
Front
The maintenance of a constant internal environment despite external changes.
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